. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Mol Aspects Med. 2022 Aug 18;90:101117. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101117

Table 1.

Human-unique changes of Siglec genes

Siglec gene	Human-unique allele/state	Modern human	Archaic human^*	Great apes	Ref
CD33	rs12459419(T) rs3865444(A)	Present (minor allele)	Absent	Absent	(Schwarz et al., 2016)
CD33	c.61T (p.Phe21)	Fixed (100%)	Fixed (100%)	Absent	(Saha et al., 2022)
SIGLEC5	Intact essential Arg	Fixed (100%)	Fixed (100%)	Polymorphic	(Angata et al., 2006)
SIGLEC12	Essential Arg mutated to Cys	Fixed (100%)	Fixed (100%)	Absent	(Angata et al., 2001c; Khan et al., 2020a; Mitra et al., 2011)
	rs66949844(dupC) frameshift	Present (major allele)	Present (major allele)	Absent	(Khan et al., 2020a; Mitra et al., 2011).
	rs16982743(A) stop codon	Present (minor allele)	Present (major allele)	Absent	(Khan et al., 2020a).
SIGLEC13	Deletion	Fixed (100%)	Fixed (100%)	Absent (i.e., functional gene is present)	(Angata et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2012b)
SIGLEC14	Intact essential Arg	Fixed (100%)	Fixed (100%)	Polymorphic	(Angata et al., 2006)
SIGLEC16	rs12611411(T) rs12984584(C)^**	Present (major allele)	Present (major allele)	Absent	(Wang et al., 2012a)

Neandertal (n = 6) and Denisovan (n = 2).

^**

These SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium with an indel polymorphism causing frameshift in open reading frame of SIGLEC16.