Table 7.

Different applications of MUSE DWI in the literature to date

Organ	Aim	Results
Brain [9]	Comparison between MUSE and SENSE sequences in the normal brain	Motion-induced aliasing artifacts can be removed using MUSE with higher SNR in comparison with SENSE images
Breast [10]	Comparison between MUSE and single-shot DWI for the visualization of lesions and for the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions	MUSE showed better image quality compared to single-shot DWI and better visibility of lesions. MUSE DWI ADC values showed a significant difference between malignant and benign breast lesions.
Prostate [25]	Reproducibility of quantitative diffusion measurements between ssEPI, rFOV, and multishot EPI (msEPI) in phantoms, healthy volunteers, and patients	No significant difference in ADC was found between the 3 pulse sequences in phantoms, healthy volunteers, and patients. msEPI has high resolution with less distortion compared to ssEPI.
Small bowel [12]	Comparison between ssEPI, high resolution ssEPI (HRssEPI), and MUSE for the assessment of bowel inflammation in Crohn’s disease using enhanced MRI as reference	MUSE had significantly better image quality, less geometric distortion, and better tissue texture conspicuity compared to the other 2 sequences. It showed as well higher sensitivity and accuracy than ssEPI for detecting inflammation.

Abbreviations: ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; MUSE, multiplexed sensitivity-encoding diffusion-weighted imaging; rFOV, reduced field of view; SENSE, sensitivity encoding; ss-EPI, single-shot echo planar imaging