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. 2022 Jul 12;39(2):177–193. doi: 10.1007/s12264-022-00910-0

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the DRGs of Tmem63a^–/– mice. A IHC images of macrophage (green) infiltration in the tibial nerve and neuroma-like structure 14 days after TNT surgery; a1, a2, and a3 are enlargements of the boxed areas in the left (blue, nuclei stained with DAPI; scale bars, 50 μm). B Double immunostaining for the molecular markers for macrophages (CD68, green) and nerve injury (ATF3, red) in DRG sections from WT and Tmem63a^–/– mice after TNT surgery (blue, nuclei stained with DAPI; scale bars, 50 μm). C Quantification of macrophage density (cell number/mm²) in the DRGs from WT mice and Tmem63a^-/- mice after TNT surgery (n = 9–11; ^#P <0.05, ^##P <0.01, ^###P <0.001, one-way ANOVA; *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001, two-way ANOVA). D Quantification of the average area of macrophages in DRG sections after TNT surgery (n = 9–12; ^###P <0.01, one-way ANOVA; *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA). E Quantification of injured DRG neurons (n = 8–11; n.s, P >0.05, two-way ANOVA; ^###P <0.001 one-way ANOVA). F–H qRT-PCR results for the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors Il-6, Il-1β, and Tnf-α in DRGs from WT mice and Tmem63a^-/- mice after TNT surgery (n = 3–4; n.s., P >0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001, two-way ANOVA). In C–H ^#P <0.05, ^##P <0.01, ^###P <0.001, baseline versus each time point, one-way ANOVA.