Table 1.
Cohort characterization.
| Severe acute COVID-19 | PIMS | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | n = 7 | n = 14 | |
| Sex | Male | 6 (86%) | 8 (57%) |
| Female | 1 (14%) | 6 (43%) | |
| Age [median] | Years | 12 | 12 |
| Risk factors | Adipositas (BMI > 30) | 4 (57%) | 1 (7%) |
| Pre-existing medical condition | 1 (14%) | 2 (14%) | |
| Echocardiography | Normal | 7 (100%)* | 14 (100%) |
| Pathologic (EF, coro, effu, MI) | 0 | 0 | |
| Cardiac MRI | Nomal | 0 | 7 (50%) |
| Pathologic | 6 (100)** | 7 (50%) | |
| ECG | Normal | 6 (86%) | 13 (93%) |
| Pathologic | 1 (14%) | 1 (7%) | |
| Clinical symptoms | Persistent fever [median duration] | 100% [8 days] | 100% [8 days] |
| GI symptoms | 1 (14%) | 12 (86%) | |
| Rash | 0 | 9 (64%) | |
| Conjunctivitis | 0 | 11 (79%) | |
| Neurolog. symptoms | 2 (28%) | 4 (29%) | |
| Respiratory symptoms | 7 (100%) | 10 (71%) | |
| Sore throat | 3 (43%) | 8 (57%) | |
| Myalgia | 0 | 4 (29) | |
| Swollen hands/feet | 0 | 8 (57%) | |
| Lymphadenopathy | 0 | 8 (57%) | |
| Kawasaki criteria complete | na | 5 (36%) | |
| HSM | 0 | 10 (71%) | |
Characteristics of 21 pediatric patients with severe acute COVID-19 or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). BMI, body mass index. Pre-existing medical conditions were Sturge-Weber-syndrome in one patient with acute COVID-19 and two patients in the PIMS group suffering from thalassemia and asthma or B cell leukemia, respectively. Pathologic echocardiography was defined as at least one of the four criteria (1) pericardial effusion, (2) reduced ejection fraction, (3) coronary anomaly, or (4) mitral valve regurgitation.
In four patients, due to adiposity, the body surface area was >2 m2 resulting in an inapplicability of pediatric z-scores. All values were normal according to adult criteria and therefore considered normal. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
No MRI data available in one patient with acute COVID-19. ECG, electrocardiogram; GI, gastrointestinal; Neurolog., neurological, consisting of headache, altered consciousness, meningoencephalitis, and encephalopathy; HSM, hepatosplenomegaly.