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. 2023 Feb 8:1–20. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10639-023-11607-w

Table 3.

Mean and standard deviation for cognitive perceptions in online STEM small group discussions

Cognitive perceptions N = 88 Overall mean Standard deviation
TRI-Triggering (3 items) 4.59 0.721
EXP-Exploration (4 items) 4.64 0.591
INT-Integration (3 items) 4.51 0.727
RES-Resolution (4 items) 4.41 0.839

Strongly disagree = 1, Disagree = 2, Undecided = 3, Agree = 4, Strongly agree = 5