Table 3.

Accuracy results of LULC classification.

Cities	Year/Accuracy	1990	1995	2000	2008	2010	2015	2019	2021
Islamabad	Overall Accuracy (%)	90.94	96	89.41	94.08	92.32	98.13	90.67	97.97
	Kappa Coefficient	0.86	0.93	0.84	0.91	0.83	0.97	0.84	0.97
Rawalpindi	Overall Accuracy (%)	95.25	90.45	96.72	–	96.97	85.17	90.86	98.04
	Kappa Coefficient	0.91	0.87	0.95	–	0.96	0.8	0.87	0.97