Table 3.
Multivariable models combining self-reported race and ethnicity, family history, and PHS290 for 3 prostate cancer clinical endpointsa
| Clinical endpoints | HR (95% CI)c |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHS290b |
Family history | Race and ethnicity |
||||||||||
| HR20/50 | HR80/20 | HR80/50 | HR95/50 | Asian | Black or African American | Hispanic White | Native American | Other | Pacific Islander | Unknown | ||
| Fatal prostate cancer | 0.49 (0.46 to 0.53) | 4.17 (3.59 to 4.88) | 2.06 (1.91 to 2.23) | 2.88 (2.58 to 3.23) | 1.67 (1.4 to 1.96) | 0.68 (0.15 to 1.43) | 1.97 (1.69 to 2.31) | 1.04 (0.69 to 1.42) | 0.98 (0.32 to 1.85) | 1.9 (1.12 to 2.81) | 1.74 (0.0 to 4.43) | 0.73 (0.0 to 1.95) |
| Metastatic prostate cancer | 0.5 (0.47 to 0.52) | 4.15 (3.81 to 4.53) | 2.05 (1.97 to 2.15) | 2.87 (2.7 to 3.06) | 1.53 (1.38 to 1.68) | 1.31 (0.81 to 1.85) | 2.24 (2.07 to 2.42) | 1.32 (1.1 to 1.57) | 1.4 (0.97 to 1.86) | 1.67 (1.25 to 2.08) | 1.14 (0.23 to 2.29) | 1.52 (0.79 to 2.45) |
| Prostate cancer | 0.47 (0.46 to 0.47) | 4.69 (4.57 to 4.81) | 2.19 (2.16 to 2.21) | 3.14 (3.08 to 3.2) | 1.78 (1.73 to 1.83) | 1.28 (1.13 to 1.43) | 1.83 (1.78 to 1.87) | 1.1 (1.04 to 1.16) | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.15) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.29) | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.25) | 0.9 (0.72 to 1.08) |
Cox proportional hazards results for association with age at death from prostate cancer, at diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer, and age at diagnosis with prostate cancer. This multivariable analysis was limited to the 378 366 participants who provided family history information in baseline survey data. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; PHS290 = polygenic hazard score based on 290 common variants.
PHS290 was included in the model as a continuous variable, and effect size is illustrated here via several hazard ratios.
HR80/20: highest 20% (≥80th percentile of PHS290) vs average risk (30-70th percentile). HR20/50: lowest 20% (≤20th percentile) vs average risk. HR80/50: highest 20% vs average risk. HR95/50: highest 5% (≥95th percentile) vs average risk. Because the thresholds for a multivariable model must be constant across racial and ethnic groups and regardless of family history status, the thresholds for percentiles of PHS290 were taken from previously published values of an independent dataset of men with European genetic ancestry younger than 70 years, and who did not have prostate cancer. Hazard ratios for race and ethnicity were estimated using Non-Hispanic White as the reference. Hazard ratios for family history were for 1 or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with prostate cancer.