Table 1. Baseline and perioperative data.
| Variable | Median [IQR] or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Patients (n) | 48 |
| Gender (M/F) | 34 (70.8)/14 (29.2) |
| Age (years) | 57.5 [53.3–65.0] |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.88 [22.31–26.14] |
| ASA | 2 [2–2] |
| Symptomatic | 12 (25.0) |
| History of abdominal surgery | 7 (14.6) |
| Comorbidity status | |
| Hypertension | 26 (54.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (20.8) |
| Age-adjusted CCI | 1 [0–2] |
| Tumor laterality (L/R) | 32 (66.7)/16 (33.3) |
| Tumor size (cm) | 4.8 [4.0–5.2] |
| Solitary kidney | 0 (0) |
| Multiple ipsilateral tumors | 0 (0) |
| Bilateral kidney tumors | 0 (0) |
| RENAL sum score† | 9 [9–10] |
| RENAL score complexity† | |
| Low [4–6] | 0 (0) |
| Moderate [7–9] | 27 (56.3) |
| High [10–12] | 19 (39.6) |
| Operative time (min) | 183 [161–210] |
| EBL (mL) | 100 [50–200] |
| Length of skin incision‡ (cm) | 6 [5–6] |
| Conversions | |
| To auxiliary hole | 4 (8.3) |
| To open surgery | 2 (4.2) |
| LOS‡ (days) | 6 [6–7] |
| Intraoperative complications | 3 (6.3) |
| Postoperative complications | 2 (4.2) |
| Clavien-grade 1 | 1 (2.1) |
| Clavien-grade 3b | 1 (2.1) |
| Transfusions | 4 (8.3) |
| Pathologic size (cm) | 4.0 [3.5–5.0] |
| Tumor histology | |
| Clear-cell RCC | 44 (91.7) |
| Chromophobe RCC | 2 (4.2) |
| Unclassified RCC | 1 (2.1) |
| Other malignancy | 1 (2.1) |
| Fuhrman grade | |
| I–II | 38 (79.2) |
| III–IV | 5 (10.4) |
| Undetermined | 5 (10.4) |
†, the RENAL scores of 2 patients were unknown; ‡, converted patients were excluded from the analysis. IQR, interquartile range; M, male; F, female; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; L, left; R, right; RENAL, (R)adius (tumor size as maximal diameter), (E)xophytic/endophytic properties of the tumor, (N)earness of tumor deepest portion to the collecting system or sinus, (A)nterior (a)/posterior (p) descriptor and the (L)ocation relative to the polar line; EBL, estimated blood loss; LOS, length of stay; RCC, renal cell carcinoma.