Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Criteria	Inclusion	Exclusion
Language	English	Any other language
Type of article	RCTs, observational studies, systematic reviews, narrative reviews, surveys, interviews, ethics papers	Letters to the editor, abstracts
Age	18 years or older	Younger than 18 years old
Population	Emergency conditions and/or treatment	Non-emergency conditions, such as dementia, and non-emergent treatment. Pregnancy.
Topic of interest	Advance consent for participation in RCTs	Other forms of consent such as deferred consent or waiver of consent. Advance care planning in areas other than research such as medical care, treatment and advance consent for end-of-life care.

RCT, randomised controlled trial.