Table 1.

Selective RIG-I agonists and their effects on tumorigenesis

Name	Property	Target	Sequences	Effects on tumorigenesis	References
/	Hairpin RNA	RIG-I	5′-pppGCGCUAUCCAGCUUACGUAGAG CUCUACGUAAGCUG GAUAGCGC-3′	Activation of RIG-I in melanoma cells in vitro	[117]
SLR14	Stem-loop RNA	RIG-I	5′-pppGGAUCGAUCGUUCGCGAUCGAU CGAUCC-3′	Potent antitumor effect in immunogenic or poorly immunogenic melanoma	[119]
/	ssRNA	RIG-I	5′-pppGGGGCUGACCCUGAAGUUCAUC UU-3′	Not determined	[120]
/	ssRNA	RIG-I	5′-pppGGGGAUGAACUUCAGGGUCAGC UU-3′	Not determined	[120]
Poly-U/UC	ssRNA	RIG-I	5′-pppGGCCAUCCUG(U7)CCC(U11)C (U34)CUCC(U9)CCUC(U7)CC(U4)CUUUCCUUU-3′	Not determined	[121]
/	dsRNA	RIG-I	Sense: 5′-pppGCGCUAUCCAGCUUACGU AG-3′ Antisense: 5′-pppCUACGUAAGCUGGAU AGCGC-3′	Significant local and systemic antitumor effects and survival benefits in murine B16-F10 melanoma model; sensitization of AML to anti-PD1 antibody	[117] [122]
RN7SL1	ncRNA	RIG-I	5′-GCCGGGCGCGGUGGCGCGUGCCUGU AGUCCCAGCUACUCGGGAGGCUGAGGCUGGAGGAUCGCUUGAGUCCAGGAGUUCUGGGCUGUAGUGCGCUAUGCCGAUCGGGUGUCCGCACUAAGUUCGGCAUCAAUAUGGUGACCUCCCGGGAGCGGGGGACCACCAGGUUGCCUAAGGAGGGGUGAACCGGCCCAGGUCGGAAACGGAGCAGGUCAAAACUCCCGUGCUGAUCAGUAGUGGGAUCGCGCCUGUGAAUAGCCACUGCACUCCAGCCUGGGCAACAUAGCGAGACCCCGUCUCU-3′	Activation of RIG-I in breast cancer cells by RN7SL1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis; delivery of RN7SL1 by CAR-T cells inhibits B16 melanoma growth when combined with peptide vaccine or immune checkpoint blockade	[27] [123] [124]
M8	dsRNA	RIG-I	Sense: 5′-pppGAAAUUAAUACGACUCAC UAUAGACGAAGACCACAAAACCAGAU(A26)UAA(U26)AUCUGGUUUUGUGGUCUUCGUC-3′ Antisense: 5′-pppGACGAAGACCACAAAA CCAGAU(A26)UUA(U26)AUCUGGUUUUGUGGUCUUCGUCUAUAGUGAGUCGUAUUAAUUUC-3′	Induction of IFN-I-dependent melanoma cell death and stimulation of the phagocytic potential of dendritic cells	[125]
/	dsRNA	RIG-I	Sense: 5′-pppUCAAACAGUCCUCGCAUG CCUAUAGUGAGUCG-3′ Antisense: 5′-pppGCAUGCGAGGACUGUU UGACUAUAGUGAGUCG-3′	Complete regression of pre-established B16 melanoma when combined with ovalbumin vaccine and anti-CTLA4 antibody	[126]
3p-siBCL2	Bifunctional siRNA	MurineBCL2 RIG-I	Sense: 5′-pppUCAAACAGAGGUCGCAUG CCUAUAGUGAGUCG-3′ Antisense: 5′-pppGCAUGCGACCUCUGUU UGACUAUAGUGAGUCG-3′	Significant antitumor efficacy in melanoma and colon carcinoma models;	[127]