Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in meta-analysis
| First author | Year | Study design | Region | Diagnosed period | Sample size | Female% | Median/mean age | Main Treatment | Original cancer type | Cancer metastases |
| Lee, J. H | 2021 | Retrospective cohort study | Korea | 2018 to 2021 | 70 | 0 | 66 | Chemotherapy | Hormone-sensitive prostate cancer | Bone, lung, liver, pleura, adrenal gland, peritoneum, ureter |
| Lee, C. H | 2021 | Retrospective cohort study | Korea | 2010 to 2017 | 78 | 24.4 | 61 | Chemotherapy | Renal cell carcinoma | NR |
| Haik | 2021 | Retrospective cohort study | France | 2013 to 2017 | 261 | 24 | 61.9 (mean) | Immunity therapy | Head, lung, renal, bladder cancer | Liver, lung, bone, brain |
| Gallois | 2021 | Retrospective cohort study | France | 2013 to 2016 | 149 | 67 | NR | Chemotherapy | Colorectal cancer | NR |
| Chang | 2021 | Retrospective cohort study | China | 2007 to 2018 | 109 | 42.2 | 60.9 (mean) | Chemotherapy | Gastrointestinal stromal tumor | Liver |
| Catanese | 2021 | Retrospective cohort study | Italy | 2010 to 2017 | 78 | 28.2 | 67 | Chemotherapy | Esophago–gastric junction cancer, proximal gastric cancer, distal gastric cancer | Liver, lung, lymph nodes, peritoneum, bone |
| Yamazaki | 2020 | Retrospective cohort study | Japan | 2015 to 2019 | 54 | 64.81 | 66.5 | Chemotherapy | Thyroid cancer | Liver, lung, bone, brain, lymph node |
| Shimizu | 2020 | Retrospective cohort study | Japan | 2017 to 2019 | 29 | 15 | 73 | Chemotherapy | Bladder tumor, upper tract urothelial carcinoma | Liver, lung, lymph nodes, bone |
| Lee, B. M | 2020 | Retrospective cohort study | Korea | 2007 to 2016 | 353 | 42.5 | 67 | Chemotherapy | Gall bladder, intrahepatic bile duct, non-hilar bile duct, perihilar bile duct, ampullary cancer | NR |
| da Cunha | 2019 | Retrospective cohort study | Brazil | 2009 to 2015 | 72 | 44.4 | 59.4 (mean) | Surgery and chemotherapy | Colorectal cancer | Peritoneum and other organs |
| Franzoi | 2020 | Retrospective cohort study | Belgium | 2016 to 2019 | 50 | 100 | 61.2 (mean) | Chemotherapy | Breast cancer | Visceral disease, bone only or locorregional |
| Palleschi | 2022 | Retrospective cohort study | Italy | 2009 to 2020 | 43 | 100 | 58 | Chemotherapy | Breast cancer | NR |
| Williet | 2021 | Retrospective cohort study | France | 2012 to 2018 | 79 | 45.6 | 66 | Chemotherapy | Pancreatic cancer | NR |
| Ishihara | 2016 | Retrospective cohort study | Japan | 2007 to 2014 | 71 | 29.6 | 64 | Chemotherapy | Renal Cell Carcinoma | NR |
| Gu | 2017 | Retrospective cohort study | China | 2008 to 2014 | 101 | 35.6 | 59 | Chemotherapy | Renal cell carcinoma | NR |
| Malik | 2021 | Retrospective cohort study | Poland | 2017 to 2020 | 78 | 45 | 64.5 | Chemotherapy | Colorectal cancer | Liver, lung, lymph node, peritoneum |
| First author | Measurements of sarcopenia | Sarcopenia definition | Outcomes (HR, 95% CI) | median/mean Follow-up period |
| Lee, J. H. | L3-SMI | SMI ≤ 52.4 cm2/m2 | PFS(crude HR, 4.73, 1.40–15.96; adjusted HR, 3.77, 0.95–14.99) | 20.5 months |
| Lee, C. H. | L3-SMI | SMI of < 43cm2/m2 and < 53 cm2/m2 for men with a BMI of < 25 kg/m2 and ≥ 25kg/m2, respectively, and < 41 cm2/m2 for women | PFS(crude HR, 3.18, 1.84–5.47; adjusted HR, 2.62, 1.47–4.66) | 15.4 months |
| Haik | L3-SMI | < 41 cm2/m2 for females and < 43 cm2/m2 for males if body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 or < 53 cm2/m2 if BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | PFS(adjusted HR, 0.80, 0.60–1.055) | NR |
| Gallois | L3-SMI | men < 40.3 cm2/m2 and women < 32.0 cm2/m2 | PFS(crude HR, 1.5, 1.0−2.2) | 23 months |
| Chang | L3-PMI | < 6.36 cm2/m2 for males and < 3.92 cm2/m2 for females | PFS(adjusted HR, 2.333, 1.251−4.349) | NR |
| Catanese | L3-SMI | male patients asSMI < 43 cm2/m2 if BMI < 25 kg/m2 and SMI < 53 cm2/m2 if BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and infemale patients as SMI < 41 cm2/m2 irrespective of BMI | PFS(crude HR, 0.83, 0.53–1.32) | 52.2 months |
| Yamazaki | L3-SMI | < 42 cm2/m2 for males and < 38 cm2/m2 for females | PFS(adjusted HR, 2.488, 1.058–5.846) | NR |
| Shimizu | L3-PMI | ≤ 6.36 cm2/m2 for men and ≤ 3.92 cm2/m2 for women | PFS(crude HR, 2.99, 1.14–7.85; adjusted HR, 2.79, 1.14–7.32) | 7 months |
| Lee, B. M. | L3-SMI | < 55 cm2/m2 for male and < 39 cm2/m2 for female | PFS(crude HR, 0.75, 0.61–0.93) | 7.77 months |
| da Cunha | L3-SMI | SMI < 41 cm2/m2 for women; SMI < 43 cm2/m2 if BMI < 25 kg/m2 and SMI < 53 cm2/m2 if BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 for men | PFS(crude HR, 2.34, 1.40–3.93; adjusted HR, 1.78, 1.00–3.14) | 23.6 months |
| Franzoi | L3-SMI | SMI < 40 cm2/m2 | PFS(crude HR, 2.52, 1.02–6.19) | 14.4 months |
| Palleschi | L3-SMI | SMI < 40 cm2/m2 | PFS(crude HR, 0.98, 0.47–2.03) | 33 months |
| Williet | TPI | < 5.73 cm2/m2 for men and < 4.37 cm2/m2 for women | PFS(crude HR, 2.3, 1.38–3.85; adjusted HR, 2.04, 1.18–3.53) | NR |
| Ishihara | L3-SMI | men with a BMI of < 25 kg/m2 and SMI < 43 cm2/m2; men with a BMI of > 25 kg/m2 and SMI < 53 cm2/m2; women with SMI < 41 cm2/m2 | PFS(crude HR, 3.15, 1.66–6.41; adjusted HR, 2.54, 1.19–5.65) | 20.2 months (mean) |
| Gu | L3-SMI | < 40.8 cm2/m2 for males and < 34.9 cm2/m2 for females | PFS(crude HR, 1.426, 0.880–2.310) | NR |
| Malik | L3-SMI | < 52.4 cm2/m2 for men and < 38.5 cm2/m2 for women | PFS(adjusted HR, 1.47, 0.88–2.5) | 19.1 months |
L3 3rd lumbar spine, SMI skeletal muscle index, PMI psoas muscle index, BMI body Mass Index, TPI The total psoas area index, PFS progression-free survival. HR Hazard Ratio