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. 2023 Jan 27;42(2):112075. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112075

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© 2023 The Author(s)

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Neutralization of Omicron subvariants by sera from breakthrough infections after vaccination

(A) Characteristics of Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 breakthrough-infected individuals and sampling. Serum samples were collected from individuals vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac or three doses of the ZF2001 vaccine (fully vaccinated) who subsequently had a breakthrough infection with Delta (Delta breakthrough) and individuals vaccinated with three doses of CoronaVac (CoronaVac³) who subsequently had a breakthrough infection with BA.1 (BA.1 breakthrough) or BA.2 (BA.2 breakthrough). All values are presented as the median and interquartile range. The number in the top right corner of the vaccines shows the number of doses. N/A, not available.

(B) Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 (WA1) and Omicron subvariants by 23 sera collected from individuals with Delta breakthrough infection 5 months after infection.

(C) Serum NT₅₀ values for two doses of CoronaVac-vaccinated (n = 10) and three doses of ZF2001-vaccinated (n = 13) individuals before Delta infection are plotted according to vaccine type.

(D) Neutralization of WA1 and Omicron subvariants by 24 sera collected from individuals with BA.1 breakthrough infection 4 months after infection.

(E) Neutralization of WA1 and Omicron subvariants by 24 sera collected from individuals with BA.2 breakthrough infection 5 months after infection.

(F) Heatmaps showing patient NT₅₀ values against each variant. Patients were identified as “DC” or “DZ” for the Delta breakthrough infection following CoronaVac or ZF2001 vaccination, “B1” for BA.1 breakthrough infection, and “B2” for BA.2 breakthrough infections.

All serum samples were tested in duplicates. The horizontal dotted line represents the LOD of 30. The GMTs are shown at the top of the plots along with the percentage of individuals with NT₅₀ values above the LOD. A two-tailed Friedman test with a false discovery rate for multiple comparisons was performed in (B), (D), and (E) and a two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used in (C). A p value less than 0.05 is shown, and the fold change of GMT is also denoted.