Selective sweeps and identification of candidate genes underlying key horticultural traits in thymes. (A) Among genes showing the signature of selection between CNTC and ETC, HCTs are related to lignin biosynthesis; TPS and CYP are related to terpenoid biosynthesis; and HD-ZIP, MYB, and MYC1 are related to glandular trichome formation. (B) Among genes showing the signature of selection between CNTC and ETE, HCTs are related to lignin biosynthesis, and TPSs are related to terpenoid biosynthesis; HD-ZIP, MYB, MYC1, and GSW2 are related to glandular trichome formation. (C) Among genes showing the signature of selection between ETE and ETC, PER/LACs are related to lignin biosynthesis; TPS and CYPs are related to terpenoid biosynthesis; and MYBs, MYC1s, GSW2, and TTG1 are related to glandular trichome formation. Manhattan plots using the randomly downsampled SNP set for all linkage groups. Manhattan plots show the detection of selection based on both FST and θπ (from top to bottom). The locations of orthologous genes associated with key horticultural traits are indicated in the Manhattan plots. Red and blue dashed lines indicate the 1% and 5% thresholds, respectively. CNTC, creeping-type Chinese native thyme; ETC, creeping-type European thyme;
ETE, erect-type European thyme; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; HD-ZIP,
homeodomain-leucine zipper.