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. 2022 Dec 12;119(51):e2214703119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2214703119

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Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

This article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

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Fig. 4. — Functional validation of rns1. (A) Domain structure of Rns1, consisting of five predicted parallel beta-helix (PbH1) repeats at its N terminus. (B–D) Loss-of-function mutation of rns1 in the F83005-incompatible strains Rm41 (B), AK83 (C), and Sm11 (D) produced a Nod+ phenotype on F83005. (E and F) CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NS1a or NS1b in F83005 enables nodulation of the knockout roots with AK83 (E) and Sm11 (F). The arrows indicate the knockout roots forming nitrogen-fixing pink nodules. Plants and root nodules were photographed 3 wk post inoculation.