Table 3. Results From a Univariable and Multivariable Mixed-Effect Logistic Regression Model for Penicillin Allergy Labeling, Accounting for Clustering of Patients Among Primary Clinics.
| Characteristic | Univariable analysis OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable analysis OR (95% CI)a | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Male | 1.13 (1.10-1.16) | <.001 | 1.06 (1.02-1.09) | .001 |
| Ethnicity and Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1.45 (1.20-1.56) | <.001 | 1.46 (1.32-1.59) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 1.45 (1.35-1.55) | <.001 | 1.40 (1.30-1.49) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 2.11 (1.99-2.45) | <.001 | 1.69 (1.59-1.80) | <.001 |
| Primary language | ||||
| English | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Spanish | 0.86 (0.77-0.96) | .007 | 0.98 (0.87-1.10) | .73 |
| Other | 0.79 (0.65-0.96) | .02 | 0.99 (0.83-1.23) | .93 |
| Government insurance | 0.80 (0.77-0.83) | <.001 | 0.94 (0.90-0.97) | .001 |
| Chronic condition | 1.09 (1.02-1.15) | .005 | 0.96 (0.90-1.02) | .15 |
| By age 2 y | ||||
| Healthcare visits | 1.09 (1.09-1.09) | <.001 | 1.05 (1.05-1.05) | <.001 |
| Healthcare communications | 1.03 (1.03-1.03) | <.001 | 1.01 (1.01-1.01) | <.001 |
| Given penicillin | 3.27 (3.15-3.39) | <.001 | 1.67 (1.61-1.75) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
a
Additionally adjusted for years in the birth cohort.