Table. Trial Characteristics.

Source and country	Total No. of participants	Population	Age, mean (SD), y	No. of participants by sex (%)	LNCS type	Beverage dosage, mL/d			Design	Duration, wk	Funding source
						LNCSB	Water	SSB
Bonnet et al,31 2018; France	50	Overweight or healthy weight, otherwise healthy, non- or low-LNCS consumers	31.1 (10.3)	Male: 22 (44) Female: 28 (56)	Aspartame or acesulfame potassium	660	660	NA	Crossover	12	Agency or industry
Bruun et al,32 2015; Denmarka	35	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy	39 (1.1)	Male: 14 (40) Female: 21 (60)	Aspartame	1000	1000	1000	Parallel	26	Agency or industry
Campos et al,34 2015; Switzerland	27	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy, regular SSB consumers	NR	Male: 14 (52) Female: 13 (48)	NR	1300	NA	1300	Parallel	12	Agency
Ebbeling et al,33 2020; US	203	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy, regular SSB consumers	27 (5.6)	Male: 121 (60) Female: 82 (40)	NR	355	355	355	Parallel	52	Agency
Engel et al,35 2018; Denmarka	45	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy	38.6 (7.6)	Male: 16 (36) Female: 29 (64)	Aspartame	1000	1000	1000	Parallel	26	Agency or industry
Hernández-Cordero et al,36 2014; Mexico	240	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy, regular SSB consumers	33.3 (6.7)	Male: 0 Female: 240 (100)	NR	NA	≥250	≥250	Parallel	39	Industry
Higgins et al,37 2018; US	93	Healthy weight, healthy, non- or low-LNCS consumers	22.9 (1.0)	Male: 43 (46) Female: 50 (54)	Aspartame	500	500	NA	Parallel	12	Industry
Higgins and Mattes,38 2019; US	154	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy, non- or low-LNCS consumers	27.3 (9.6)	Male: 67 (44) Female: 87 (56)	Saccharin, aspartame, rebaudioside A, or sucralose	1250-1750	NA	1250-1750	Parallel	12	Agency
Madjd et al,39 2015; Iran	62	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy, regular LNCSB consumers	32 (6.9)	Male: 0 Female: 62 (100)	NR	≥250	≥250	NA	Parallel	24	Agency
Madjd et al,40 2017; Iran	81	Obese, with type 2 diabetes (only on metformin to control diabetes), regular LNCSB consumers	34.8 (7.2)	Male: 0 Female: 81 (100)	NR	≥250	≥250	NA	Parallel	24	Agency
Maersk et al,41 2012; Denmark	35	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy	39 (26)	Male: 14 (40) Female: 21 (60)	Aspartame	1000	1000	1000	Parallel	26	Agency or industry
Peters et al,42 2016; US	308	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy, weight stable, regular LNCSB consumers	47.8 (10.5)	Male: 53 (17) Female: 255 (83)	NR	710	710	NA	Parallel	52	Industry
Reid et al,43 2007; England	133	Healthy weight, weight watchers and nonweight watchers	31.8 (9.1)	Male: 0 Female: 133 (100)	Aspartame	1000	NA	1000	Parallel	4	Agency
Reid et al,44 2010; Scotland	53	Overweight, otherwise healthy	33.7 (9.9)	Male: 0 Female: 53 (100)	Aspartame	1000	NA	1000	Parallel	4	Agency
Reid et al,45 2014; Scotland	41	Obese, otherwise healthy	35 (9.1)	Male: 0 Female: 41 (100)	Aspartame	1000	NA	1000	Parallel	4	Agency or industry
Tate et al,46 2012; US	213	Overweight or obese, otherwise healthy, regular SSB consumers	42 (10.7)	Male: 35 (52) Female: 178 (48)	NR	1420-2000	1420-2000	NA	Parallel	26	Industry
Tordoff and Alleva,47 1990; US	30	Healthy weight, healthy	25.6 (5.3)	Male: 21 (70) Female: 9 (30)	Aspartame	1135	NA	1135	Crossover	3	Agency

Abbreviations: LNCS, low- and no-calorie sweetener; LNCSB, low- and no-calorie sweetened beverage; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.

^a Secondary analyses to Maersk et al.⁴¹ As more outcomes were reported in the Engel et al³⁵ analysis, data from that trial were used for most outcomes, except for uric acid (Bruun et al³²) and intrahepatocellular lipid (Maersk et al⁴¹).