Table 2.
Comparison of Echocardiographic Findings between Patients and Controls.
| Parameter | Patients (n = 172) | Controls (n = 165) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricle parameters | |||
|
LVED (z score) Median (range) |
−1.5 (−2.5 to 0.5) | 0.7 (0–1.5) | <.001* |
| LVES (cm) (Mean ± SD) | 1.71 ± 0.74 | 2.15 ± 0.59 | .012* |
|
EF (%) Mean ± SD |
73.4 ± 7.2 | 71 ± 1.7 | <.001* |
|
FS (%) Mean ± SD |
41.1 ± 6.6 | 39.2 ± 1.2 | <.001* |
|
E Velocity (Cm/s) Mean ± SD |
107.6 ± 20.1 | 92.4 ± 13.4 | <.001* |
|
A Velocity (Cm/s) Mean ± SD |
69.1 ± 16.2 | 53.9 ± 6.2 | <.001* |
|
E/A ratio Mean ± SD |
1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.000 |
|
DCC time (ms) Mean ± SD |
138 ± 21 | 136 ± 40 | .564 |
| Right ventricle parameters | |||
|
TAPSE (mm) Mean ± SD |
14.6 ± 4 | 17.1 ± 2.7 | < .001* |
|
E velocity (Cm/s) Mean ± SD |
83.5 ± 15.6 | 71.5 ± 14.4 | <.001* |
|
A Velocity (Cm/s) Mean ± SD |
60.2 ± 11.1 | 47.3 ± 8 | <.001* |
|
E/A ratio Mean ± SD |
1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | .870 |
|
DCC Time(ms) Mean ± SD |
160 ± 35 | 142 ± 2 | <.001* |
| Pulmonary artery parameters | |||
|
TR (mm Hg) Mean ± SD |
28 ± 6 | 17 ± 5 | <.001* |
|
EPASP (mm Hg) Mean ± SD |
38 ± 6 | 27 ± 5 | <.001* |
A = late diastolic inflow peak velocity, DCC time: deceleration time, E = early diastolic inflow peak velocity, EF = Ejection fraction, EPASP = estimates pulmonary artery systolic pressure, FS = fractional shortening, LVED = left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions, LVES = left ventricular end-systolic dimensions, TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, TR = tricuspid regurgitation.
*
Significant.