Table 4.

Comparing the PAS scores to occupation, age, in-service training, graduation level, institution, working years in ICU, gender, and patient rights education.

Variables		n	Mean	SD	F	P value	Significant difference
Occupation	Physician	181	37.65	2.86	10.018(W)	< .001*	2 > 1
	Nurse	348	38.71	2.19
	AHP	40	37.88	3.21
In-service privacy training is required	Strongly disagree	18	38.28	2.47	3.486(W)	.016*	5 > 4
	Disagree	10	37.3	2.67
	Undecided	39	37.77	3.26
	Agree	44	36.93	3.02
	Strongly agree	458	38.52	2.38
Age	20–29	275	38.55	2.3	2.515	.082
	30–39	161	38.02	2.74
	40+	133	38.17	2.74
		n	Mean rank	SD	χ2	P	Significant difference
Graduation	High school	143	317.13	4	23.856	< .001*
	Associate degree	71	275.53				1 > 5
	Bachelor’s degree (for nurses)	151	299.78				3 > 5
	Master	23	335.78
	Medical faculty	181	244.55
Institution	University hospital	120	244.30	3	19.750	< .001*	2 > 1
	Training and research hospital	167	298.51				4 > 1
	Public hospital	102	259.35				4 > 3
	Private hospital	180	314.13
Working years in the occupation	0–5	249	281.53	3	4.688	.196
	6–11	146	288.36
	12–17	87	263.05
	18+	87	311.26
Working years in the ICU	0–4	290	280.28	3	0.849	.838
	5–9	136	294.48
	10–14	74	283.59
	15+	69	287.64
		n	mean	SD	t	P
Gender	Female	334	38.28	2.52	−0.384	.701
	Male	235	38.36	2.58
Patient rights education	Received	420	38.50	2.41	2.967	.003*
	Did not received	149	37.79	2.84

% = percent, AHP = allied health personnel, F = one-way ANOVA, ICU = intensive care unit, n = number, PAS = privacy awareness scale, SD = standard deviation, t = Independent t test, W = Welch’s test, χ² = Kruskal Wallis H test.

^*P<.05 is considered statistically significant,