Table 1.
BioM's prospecting and evaluation candidates.
| COVID-19 vaccine developer | Platform | Development stagea | Technology readiness levelb | Adequacyc | Existence of a licensed vaccine for human use using the same platform |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxford/AstraZeneca | Nonreplicating viral vector | Phase II/III | TRL7 | ++++ | No |
| CanSino Biological | Nonreplicating viral vector | Phase II | TRL 6/7 | ++++ | Yes |
| Moderna | Nucleic acid (mRNA) | Phase II | TRL 6 /7 | +++++ | No |
| Johnson & Johnson | Nonreplicating viral vector | Pre-clinical | TRL 4/5 | ++++ | No |
| Pfizer/BioNTech | Nucleic acid (mRNA) | Phase I/II | TRL 6/7 | +++++ | No |
| Sinovac Biotech | Inactivated virus | Phase I/II | ++ | Yes | |
| Novavax | Protein sub-unit | Phase I/II | +++ | Yes | |
| Inovio Pharmaceuticals | Nucleic acid (DNA) | Phase I | TRL 5/6 | ++++ | No |
| Clover Biopharmaceuticals | Protein sub-unit | Phase I | TRL 5/6 | +++ | Yes |
| University of Queensland | Protein sub-unit | Pre-clinical | TRL 4/5 | +++ | Yes |
| Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology | Nonreplicating viral vector | Phase I | TRL 5/6 | ++++ | No |
| Sinopharm | Inactivated virus | Phase I/II | TRL 6 /7 | ++ | Yes |
| Bharat Biotech | Inactivated virus | Pre-clinical | TRL 4/5 | ++ | Yes |
Source: Adapted from Fialho et al. (2022).
a
As of June 26, 2020 (date of the decision for the AstraZeneca partnership).
b
Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is an index that evaluates the progress of early-stage technological projects, ranging from 1 (still in conceptualization stage) to 9 (demonstrated usefulness).
c
Flexibility and versatility of the technological platform with regard to eventual adjustments to vaccine targets.