Table 1.
Age-standardized baseline characteristics of the study population in the lowest and highest quintiles of energy-adjusted dietary patterns
| Quintile | Agea (years) | CRC family history (%) | Lower endoscopy history (%) | Multivitamin use (%) | BMI (kg/m2) | Alcohol intake (g/day) | Physical activity (METS-h/week) | Cigarette smoking (pack-years) | Regular aspirin useb (%) | Regular NSAIDs usec (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference dietary patterns | |||||||||||
| WCRF | Q1 | 45.8 (9.7) | 6.4 | 3.7 | 35.8 | 24.5 (4.5) | 9.7 (13.1) | 15.9 (19.8) | 11.5 (17.4) | 26.7 | 10.9 |
| Q5 | 48.8 (11.0) | 6.8 | 4.3 | 46.8 | 24.7 (4.6) | 3.2 (7.3) | 25.3 (30.1) | 7.6 (13.7) | 23.6 | 10.4 | |
| CRC score | Q1 | 47.0 (10.0) | 6.6 | 3.7 | 34.0 | 25.1 (4.8) | 11.2 (16.2) | 16.4 (20.6) | 12.7 (18.2) | 26.1 | 10.9 |
| Q5 | 47.8 (11.0) | 6.6 | 4.3 | 47.5 | 24.2 (4.3) | 3.7 (5.9) | 24.7 (29.4) | 7.2 (13.4) | 24.2 | 9.8 | |
| Potentially healthy dietary patterns | |||||||||||
| Prudent | Q1 | 45.4 (9.8) | 6.2 | 3.6 | 34.4 | 24.8 (4.9) | 7.6 (14.4) | 14.7 (20.3) | 12.0 (18.6) | 26.2 | 10.7 |
| Q5 | 48.6 (10.7) | 7.1 | 4.5 | 46.7 | 24.9 (4.6) | 5.7 (9.3) | 27.1 (30.6) | 8.2 (13.8) | 25.1 | 11.2 | |
| AHEI-2010 | Q1 | 46.0 (10.1) | 6.4 | 3.6 | 35.0 | 25.1 (5.0) | 6.5 (14.4) | 14.4 (18.8) | 10.9 (17.8) | 25.8 | 10.6 |
| Q5 | 48.6 (10.7) | 6.9 | 4.5 | 47.0 | 24.2 (4.1) | 6.4 (7.9) | 27.0 (30.1) | 8.4 (13.7) | 25.2 | 10.9 | |
| AMED | Q1 | 45.8 (10.0) | 6.2 | 3.6 | 34.9 | 25.1 (5.0) | 6.8 (14.0) | 15.3 (20.1) | 11.6 (18.2) | 25.6 | 10.7 |
| Q5 | 48.5 (10.7) | 6.8 | 4.4 | 46.7 | 24.2 (4.1) | 6.3 (8.2) | 25.1 (28.1) | 7.8 (13.3) | 25.4 | 10.8 | |
| DASH | Q1 | 45.6 (9.4) | 6.3 | 3.4 | 31.6 | 25.1 (5.1) | 7.2 (13.2) | 14.4 (19.4) | 12.6 (18.5) | 26.0 | 11.0 |
| Q5 | 48.8 (11.1) | 6.8 | 4.3 | 49.5 | 24.2 (4.2) | 5.0 (8.5) | 26.9 (30.3) | 7.1 (12.9) | 24.2 | 10.1 | |
| GDQS | Q1 | 45.7 (9.9) | 6.3 | 3.5 | 33.6 | 24.9 (4.9) | 6.0 (12.0) | 14.6 (20.0) | 11.0 (17.6) | 25.6 | 10.4 |
| Q5 | 48.6 (10.7) | 6.8 | 4.4 | 47.3 | 24.6 (4.4) | 6.1 (9.8) | 25.8 (29.1) | 8.3 (14.0) | 25.0 | 11.0 | |
| hGDQS | Q1 | 46.0 (10.2) | 6.4 | 3.5 | 34.3 | 24.9 (4.9) | 7.0 (13.8) | 15.1 (20.9) | 11.7 (18.2) | 25.5 | 10.6 |
| Q5 | 48.4 (10.6) | 6.9 | 4.3 | 46.8 | 24.7 (4.4) | 5.5 (8.5) | 24.9 (28.1) | 7.9 (13.5) | 25.3 | 10.9 | |
| uGDQS | Q1 | 46.0 (9.9) | 6.6 | 3.8 | 36.0 | 25.0 (4.8) | 4.7 (8.6) | 16.1 (20.5) | 9.1 (15.5) | 25.9 | 10.3 |
| Q5 | 48.3 (10.8) | 6.7 | 4.2 | 45.5 | 24.6 (4.4) | 7.7 (13.2) | 24.0 (28.5) | 9.7 (15.8) | 24.8 | 11.0 | |
| PDI | Q1 | 46.4 (10.3) | 6.5 | 4.0 | 38.7 | 25.5 (5.1) | 8.3 (14.3) | 17.7 (22.7) | 11.5 (17.8) | 25.8 | 10.7 |
| Q5 | 48.2 (10.6) | 6.7 | 4.1 | 42.2 | 24.1 (4.1) | 4.8 (8.1) | 22.3 (26.4) | 8.0 (13.8) | 25.5 | 10.8 | |
| hPDI | Q1 | 45.6 (10.0) | 6.5 | 3.8 | 35.6 | 25.0 (4.9) | 5.5 (9.9) | 15.9 (20.4) | 9.7 (16.5) | 25.5 | 9.9 |
| Q5 | 48.9 (10.7) | 6.8 | 4.3 | 45.8 | 24.5 (4.3) | 6.6 (11.5) | 25.4 (29.6) | 9.1 (14.7) | 25.2 | 11.6 | |
| Potentially unhealthy dietary patterns | |||||||||||
| uPDI | Q1 | 48.4 (10.4) | 7.0 | 4.4 | 45.4 | 25.2 (4.5) | 6.7 (10.5) | 23.2 (26.6) | 10.1 (15.5) | 25.9 | 11.7 |
| Q5 | 45.9 (10.4) | 6.4 | 3.5 | 35.5 | 24.5 (4.7) | 5.3 (11.1) | 16.4 (21.9) | 8.8 (15.9) | 24.9 | 10.0 | |
| LCD | Q1 | 47.3 (10.8) | 6.6 | 3.9 | 43.2 | 23.8 (4.1) | 5.1 (9.7) | 22.6 (28.6) | 8.0 (14.3) | 24.4 | 10.0 |
| Q5 | 47.1 (10.1) | 6.4 | 4.1 | 37.3 | 25.9 (5.1) | 5.4 (8.6) | 17.1 (21.2) | 11.3 (17.1) | 26.7 | 11.6 | |
| Animal-rich LCD | Q1 | 47.5 (10.7) | 6.7 | 4.0 | 43.5 | 23.8 (4.1) | 4.5 (8.3) | 22.8 (28.5) | 7.7 (13.8) | 24.4 | 10.0 |
| Q5 | 47.1 (10.2) | 6.3 | 4.0 | 37.5 | 25.8 (5.1) | 6.4 (10.5) | 17.3 (21.5) | 11.5 (17.4) | 26.3 | 11.4 | |
| Plant-rich LCD | Q1 | 47.1 (10.9) | 6.5 | 3.8 | 41.8 | 24.5 (4.5) | 5.5 (11.2) | 20.5 (26.1) | 9.3 (15.8) | 24.4 | 10.0 |
| Q5 | 47.4 (10.1) | 6.6 | 4.2 | 38.9 | 25.1 (4.8) | 6.1 (9.7) | 18.6 (22.7) | 10.3 (16.0) | 26.5 | 11.8 | |
| Western | Q1 | 48.5 (11.1) | 7.0 | 4.4 | 49.5 | 24.1 (4.1) | 6.8 (11.8) | 27.5 (31.5) | 7.3 (13.4) | 23.7 | 9.8 |
| Q5 | 46.1 (9.8) | 6.5 | 3.6 | 33.5 | 25.5 (5.2) | 5.9 (11.0) | 15.2 (19.8) | 12.3 (18.3) | 27.4 | 11.9 | |
| EDIH | Q1 | 48.3 (10.6) | 6.8 | 4.2 | 45.3 | 23.5 (3.7) | 9.7 (13.9) | 24.8 (29.3) | 9.8 (15.5) | 25.1 | 10.3 |
| Q5 | 46.0 (9.9) | 6.5 | 3.9 | 36.4 | 26.2 (5.4) | 4.8 (9.6) | 16.6 (20.9) | 9.9 (16.7) | 26.8 | 11.6 | |
| EDIP | Q1 | 47.4 (9.7) | 6.8 | 4.1 | 43.1 | 24.0 (4.0) | 12.2 (15.8) | 22.3 (26.9) | 11.8 (16.8) | 26.9 | 11.5 |
| Q5 | 46.6 (10.7) | 6.3 | 4.0 | 36.9 | 26.0 (5.4) | 3.4 (8.0) | 17.8 (23.2) | 8.6 (15.5) | 25.7 | 11.1 | |
All variables are standardized to the age distribution of the study population, except for age.
Regular users are defined as participants who take at least two tablets of aspirin (325 mg/tablet) per week in the NHS and at least two times per week in the HPFS and NHSII.
Regular users are defined as participants who take at least two times per week.
AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010; AMED, Alternate Mediterranean Diet score; Animal-rich LCD, Animal-rich low-carbohydrate diet score; BMI, body mass index; CRC, colorectal cancer; CRC score, Colorectal cancer dietary score; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score; EDIH, Empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia; EDIP, Empirical dietary inflammation pattern; GDQS, Global diet quality score; hGDQS, Healthful global diet quality score; hPDI, Healthful plant-based diet index; LCD, overall low-carbohydrate diet score; METS, metabolic equivalent for task score; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PDI, Plant-based diet index; Plant-rich LCD, Plant-rich low-carbohydrate diet score; Prudent, Prudent dietary pattern; uGDQS, Unhealthful global diet quality score; uPDI, Unhealthful plant-based diet index; WCRF, World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research dietary score; Western, Western dietary pattern. Values are means (standard deviations) for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables if not specified otherwise.