Table 4.
Basic characteristics of study participants at baseline examination
| Men |
Women |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18–39 | 40–59 | 60–79 | 18–39 | 40–59 | 60–79 | |
| n = 258 | n = 2259 | n = 2248 | n = 255 | n = 2693 | n = 2287 | |
| CASMIN classification | n = 258 | n = 2254 | n = 2240 | n = 254 | n = 2688 | n = 2278 |
| Low education | 14 (5.4) | 111 (4.9) | 321 (14.3) | 12 (4.7) | 76 (2.8) | 393 (17.3) |
| Medium education | 149 (57.8) | 1552 (68.9) | 1204 (53.8) | 146 (57.5) | 1911 (71.1) | 1474 (64.7) |
| High education | 95 (36.8) | 591 (26.2) | 715 (31.9) | 96 (37.8) | 701 (26.1) | 411 (18.0) |
| BMI WHO category | n = 258 | n = 2253 | n = 2231 | n = 254 | n = 2690 | n = 2278 |
| BMI <25 (normal weight, including underweight) | 154 (59.7) | 712 (31.6) | 476 (21.3) | 198 (78.0) | 1286 (47.8) | 645 (28.3) |
| BMI 25 to <30 (pre-obesity) | 80 (31.0) | 1030 (45.7) | 1110 (49.8) | 42 (16.5) | 835 (31.0) | 923 (40.5) |
| BMI ≥30 (obesity) | 24 (9.3) | 511 (22.7) | 645 (28.9) | 14 (5.5) | 569 (21.2) | 710 (31.2) |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | n = 258 | n = 2249 | n = 2230 | n = 254 | n = 2687 | n = 2275 |
| 89.1 ± 11.0 | 99.3 ± 12.3 | 104.1 ± 11.0 | 80.0 ± 9.9 | 90.1 ± 13.4 | 95.6 ± 12.1 | |
| Blood pressure | n = 256 | n = 2246 | n = 2224 | n = 254 | n = 2663 | n = 2259 |
| Systolic (mmHg), mean ± SD | 125.2 ± 10.4 | 129.7 ± 13.8 | 135.1 ± 17.5 | 113.4 ± 9.4 | 121.2 ± 14.9 | 132.1 ± 18.4 |
| Diastolic (mmHg), mean ± SD | 72.3 ± 8.7 | 79.0 ± 9.6 | 75.1 ± 10.0 | 68.9 ± 7.7 | 75.0 ± 9.5 | 73.6 ± 9.7 |
| Hypertension prevalence | n = 252 | n = 2233 | n = 2193 | n = 247 | n = 2650 | n = 2216 |
| 35 (13.9) | 934 (41.8) | 1628 (74.2) | 8 (3.2) | 775 (29.2) | 1534 (69.2) | |
| Maximum handgrip strength, mean ± SD | n = 193 | n = 2027 | n = 2056 | n = 202 | n = 2439 | n = 2089 |
| 48.2 ± 9.6 | 47.3 ± 9.0 | 39.3 ± 8.4 | 30.2 ± 5.1 | 29.3 ± 6.1 | 24.6 ± 5.7 | |
| Smoking | n = 258 | n = 2225 | n = 2110 | n = 250 | n = 2640 | n = 2107 |
| Never smoker | 127 (50.4) | 835 (38.3) | 828 (38.8) | 144 (59.0) | 1252 (48.2) | 1494 (70.3) |
| Former smoker | 34 (13.5) | 670 (30.7) | 1011 (47.4) | 41 (16.8) | 642 (24.7) | 407 (19.2) |
| Current smoker | 97 (38.5) | 720 (33.0) | 271 (12.7) | 65 (26.6) | 746 (28.7) | 206 (9.7) |
| Medication: number of drugs taken within last 7 days | n = 252 | n = 2256 | n = 2246 | n = 249 | n = 2688 | n = 2283 |
| 0 | 143 (56.7) | 875 (38.8) | 258 (11.5) | 58 (23.3) | 491 (18.3) | 185 (8.1) |
| 1 | 60 (23.8) | 492 (21.8) | 253 (11.3) | 82 (32.9) | 703 (26.2) | 280 (12.3) |
| 2–4 | 46 (18.3) | 671 (29.7) | 862 (38.4) | 97 (39.0) | 1112 (41.4) | 935 (41.0) |
| 5+ | 3 (1.2) | 218 (9.7) | 873 (38.9) | 12 (4.8) | 382 (14.2) | 883 (38.7) |
Numbers represent absolute counts and numbers in brackets represent percentages, unless otherwise specified. CASMIN, Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility in Industrial Nations; BMI, body mass index; WHO, World Health Organization.