Table 7.
Selected conditions and measurements at baseline examination
| Men |
Women |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18–39 | 40–59 | 60–79 | 18–39 | 40–59 | 60–79 | |
| n = 258 | n = 2259 | n = 2248 | n = 255 | n = 2693 | n = 2287 | |
| Diabetes | n = 252 | n = 2182 | n = 2135 | n = 244 | n = 2599 | n = 2125 |
| No | 225 (89.3) | 1271 (58.2) | 736 (34.5) | 235 (96.3) | 2037 (78.4) | 1053 (49.6) |
| Yes, by medical history and/or medication | 2 (0.8) | 144 (6.6) | 500 (23.4) | 3 (1.2) | 104 (4.0) | 364 (17.1) |
| Yes, yet undiagnosed pre-diabetes | 24 (9.5) | 714 (32.7) | 789 (37.0) | 6 (2.5) | 423 (16.3) | 631 (29.7) |
| Yes, yet undiagnosed diabetes | 1 (0.4) | 53 (2.4) | 110 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (1.3) | 77 (3.6) |
| Carotid artery characteristics | ||||||
| Mean carotid intima media thickness (mm), median (IQR) | n = 247 | n = 2178 | n = 2141 | n = 245 | n = 2622 | n = 2212 |
| 0.54 (0.49 ‒ 0.60) | 0.68 (0.61 ‒ 0.78) | 0.83 (0.74 ‒ 0.93) | 0.52 (0.48 ‒ 0.58) | 0.65 (0.59 ‒ 0.73) | 0.81 (0.73 ‒ 0.90) | |
| Prevalence of plaque | 14/243 (5.8) | 751/2090 (35.9) | 1604/2070 (77.5) | 3/244 (1.2) | 593/2567 (23.1) | 1278/2154 (59.3) |
| Psychological and health variables | ||||||
| Anxiety (GAD-7), mean ± SD | n = 255 | n = 2226 | n = 2134 | n = 255 | n = 2669 | n = 2180 |
| 2.92 ± 3.03 | 3.19 ± 3.26 | 2.83 ± 2.97 | 3.90 ± 3.28 | 4.27 ± 3.74 | 3.85 ± 3.27 | |
| Bodily complaints (PHQ-15), mean ± SD | n = 255 | n = 2180 | n = 2000 | n = 255 | n = 2594 | n = 1966 |
| 3.71 ± 2.80 | 4.38 ± 3.39 | 5.00 ± 3.83 | 5.63 ± 3.74 | 6.18 ± 4.02 | 6.58 ± 4.12 | |
| Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), mean ± SD | n = 256 | n = 2233 | n = 2123 | n = 255 | n = 2665 | n = 2177 |
| 26.50 ± 5.26 | 25.50 ± 5.90 | 27.20 ± 5.06 | 26.80 ± 5.35 | 26.30 ± 5.75 | 26.90 ± 5.31 | |
| Optimism (LOT-R, total score), mean ± SD | n = 255 | n = 2240 | n = 2133 | n = 255 | n = 2663 | n = 2163 |
| 16.80 ± 4.00 | 16.20 ± 3.89 | 15.90 ± 3.52 | 17.10 ± 3.96 | 16.70 ± 4.02 | 15.90 ± 3.57 | |
| Olfactory dysfunction | n = 202 | n = 1700 | n = 1576 | n = 184 | n = 1998 | n = 1607 |
| Anosmic | 1 (0.5) | 47 (2.8) | 177 (11.1) | 1 (0.5) | 33 (1.7) | 112 (7.0) |
| Dysosmic | 53 (26.2) | 851 (50.1) | 984 (62.4) | 61 (33.2) | 925 (46.3) | 934 (58.1) |
| Normosmic | 148 (73.3) | 802 (47.2) | 415 (26.3) | 122 (66.3) | 1040 (52.1) | 561 (34.9) |
| Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (μm), mean ± SD | n = 194 | n = 1644 | n = 1194 | n = 191 | n = 1981 | n = 1267 |
| 97.6 ± 8.8 | 97.6 ± 9.1 | 95.2 ± 10.1 | 98.9 ± 8.6 | 98.4 ± 8.9 | 96.5 ± 9.4 | |
Numbers represent absolute counts and numbers in brackets represent percentages, unless otherwise specified. GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (7 items); PHQ-15, Patient Health Questionnaire (15 items); SWLS, Satisfaction with Life Scale; LOT-R, Life Orientation Test Revised.