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. 2023 Jan 26;12:e81492. doi: 10.7554/eLife.81492

Figure 3. Components of the morphological evolution of forelimb skeletal elements.

Figure 3.

(A) Forelimb schematic, with colours indicating bones along the proximo-distal axis: the humerus (yellow), radius (orange), third metacarpal (pink), and the first phalanx of digit III (blue). Reference lines indicate empirical values (B, C and D) or the median values (E) from 100 different topologies. replicated (B) Morphological diversity of limb bones inferred by matrix determinant. (C) Morphological diversity of limb bones, inferred by matrix trace. (D) Trait integration. (E) Stationary variance.