Table 2.
Baseline clinical and anthropometry characteristics of the study participants based on gender.
| Variables | Total (n = 9398) | Men (n = 4396) | Women (n = 5002) | Test statistics | p values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 73.63 ± 13.43 | 76.03 ± 14.01 | 71.52 ± 12.52 | t = 16.360 | <0.001# |
| Height (cm) | 162.86 ± 9.36 | 170.37 ± 6.58 | 156.26 ± 5.79 | t = 109.644 | <0.001# |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95.86 ± 11.52 | 92.50 ± 11.26 | 98.81 ± 10.92 | t = −27.536 | <0.001# |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 101.33 ± 9.23 | 98.19 ± 7.38 | 104.10 ± 9.80 | t = −33.242 | <0.001# |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.81 ± 4.83 | 26.14 ± 4.28 | 29.28 ± 4.80 | t = −33.465 | <0.001# |
| MET | 37.68 (35.27–40.40) | 37.58 (34.70–43.21) | 37.75 (35.75–39.63) | Z = −3.368 | 0.001† |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 106.22 ± 16.94 | 107.25 ± 16.49 | 105.32 ± 17.28 | t = 5.537 | <0.001# |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 70.68 ± 10.23 | 71.37 ± 10.32 | 70.07 ± 10.11 | t = 6.147 | <0.001# |
| Pulse rate (beats per minute) | 74.23 ± 9.54 | 71.52 ± 8.96 | 76.62 ± 9.39 | t = −26.875 | <0.001# |
| RBC (M/µL) | 5.16 ± 0.52 | 5.45 ± 0.49 | 4.90 ± 0.41 | t = 58.639 | <0.001# |
| WBC (K/µL) | 6.50 (5.50–7.60) | 6.60 (5.60–7.70) | 6.40 (5.40–7.40) | Z = −8.007 | <0.001† |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.07 ± 1.39 | 15.04 ± 1.16 | 13.22 ± 0.94 | t = 82.918 | <0.001# |
| Hematocrit (%) | 42.742 ± 3.99 | 45.51 ± 3.35 | 40.31 ± 2.73 | t = 81.772 | <0.001# |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 199.42 ± 37.45 | 195.34 ± 36.53 | 203.00 ± 37.88 | t = −9.981 | <0.001# |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 57.93 ± 10.82 | 54.41 ± 9.46 | 61.02 ± 10.99 | t = −31.320 | <0.001# |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 108.82 ± 29.76 | 106.63 ± 28.89 | 110.74 ± 30.38 | t = −6.710 | <0.001# |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 101.00 (94.00–112.00) | 101.00 (94.25–111.00) | 102.00 (94.00–114.00) | Z = −2.754 | 0.006† |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 14.00 (11.00–16.00) | 14.00 (12.00–17.00) | 13.00 (11.00–15.00) | Z = −23.015 | <0.001† |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.00 (0.90–1.10) | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 0.90 (0.90–1.00) | Z = −59.752 | <0.001† |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 145.00 (106.00–199.00) | 151.00 (109.00–212.00) | 141.00 (103.00–191.00) | Z = −8.295 | <0.001† |
| SGOT (U/L) | 18.00 (15.00–22.00) | 19.00 (16.00–23.00) | 17.00 (14.00–20.00) | Z = −23.472 | <0.001† |
| SGPT (U/L) | 18.00 (13.00–25.00) | 20.00 (15.00–30.00) | 16.00 (12.00–22.00) | Z = −22.920 | <0.001† |
| ALP (U/L) | 216.00 (181.00–260.00) | 219.00 (187.00–259.00) | 212.00 (176.00–260.00) | Z = −5.289 | <0.001† |
| GGT (U/L) | 22.00 (16.00–30.00) | 25.00 (19.00–35.00) | 19.00 (15.00–26.00) | Z = −26.623 | <0.001† |
| Diabetes | 1774 (18.9) | 634 (14.4) | 1140 (22.8) | χ 2 = 107.008 | <0.001∗ |
| HTN | 2069 (22.0) | 635 (14.4) | 1434 (28.7) | χ 2 = 275.708 | <0.001∗ |
| Ischemic heart disease | 615 (6.5) | 268 (6.1) | 347 (6.9) | χ 2 = 2.704 | 0.100∗ |
| History of CVD | 714 (7.6) | 311 (7.1) | 403 (8.1) | χ 2 = 3.215 | 0.073∗ |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median (1st quartile–3rd quartile), or number (%). RBC: red blood cell; HDL: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; MET: metabolic equivalent of task; WBC: white blood cell; FBS: fast blood sugar; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; SGOT: serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase.