Table 1. Parameters of the study subjects.
| Variables | Healthy group (n=60) | Periodontitis group (n=60) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic features | |||
| Age | 31.03 ± 6.47 | 33.33 ± 5.45 | 0.081 |
| Gender (M/F) | 26/34 | 28/32 | 0.821 |
| Periodontal clinical parameters | |||
| PD (mm) | 1.56 ± 0.68 | 4.42 ± 0.76 | <0.001*** |
| BI | 1.12 ± 0.59 | 3.46 ± 0.62 | <0.001*** |
| AL (mm) | 0.30 ± 0.13 | 3.05 ± 1.10 | <0.001*** |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| WBC (109/L) | 5.48 ± 1.24 | 6.40 ± 1.40 | 0.004** |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.36 ± 0.65 | 1.33 ± 1.75 | 0.002** |
| ESR | 5.89 ± 3.61 | 8.46 ± 4.22 | 0.008** |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 14.10 ± 3.99 | 19.89 ± 7.55 | 0.014* |
| Anemia-related indicators | |||
| RBC (1012/L) | 4.62 ± 0.49 | 4.60 ± 0.45 | 0.915 |
| HGB (g/L) | 140.20 ± 15.09 | 129.40 ± 13.08 | 0.003** |
| HCT (L/L) | 0.42 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.042* |
| MCV (fL) | 88.99 ± 3.82 | 88.34 ± 4.55 | 0.516 |
| MCH (pg/cell) | 30.39 ± 1.89 | 29.98 ± 2.09 | 0.379 |
| MCHC (g/dL) | 341.30 ± 11.85 | 339.00 ± 11.37 | 0.368 |
| Iron metabolism markers | |||
| Hepcidin (ng/ml) | 20.65 ± 16.42 | 38.91 ± 25.48 | <0.001*** |
| Fe (μmol/L) | 16.55 ± 5.43 | 13.16 ± 4.54 | 0.002** |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 105.3 ± 81.16 | 153.8 ± 106.50 | 0.044* |
| Transferrin (mg/dL) | 290.50 ± 54.97 | 252.2 ± 54.47 | <0.001*** |
| TS (%) | 27.63 ± 12.04 | 27.63 ± 7.75 | 0.337 |
| TIBC (μmol/L) | 54.37 ± 8.71 | 50.14 ± 10.19 | 0.037* |
Abbreviations: AL, attachment loss; BI, bleeding index; HCT, hematocrit; HGB, hemoglobin; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; PD, probing depth; RBC, red blood cell; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; TS, transferrin saturation; WBC, white blood cell. Data are presented as mean ± SD/N. Between-group comparisons were performed using t-test, Chi-square test, or Mann–Whitney U-test; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.