Table 5.

Discrete ncRNAs associated with psoriasis.

Class of ncRNA	ncRNA	Cells/Tissue	Expression (up or down) in disease	Role	Detection method	Refs
lncRNA	AL035425.3 PWAR6	Skin Biopsies	Down	Competing endogenous RNA, candidate regulator of a miR network associated with psoriasis	High-throughput sequencing data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)	[184]
	AGXT2L1–2:2	Keratinocytes	Up	Inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation of keratinocytes	qRT-PCR	[188]
	CARD14 CYP4Z2P HINT1 RPSAP58 TRHDE-AS1	Skin Biopsies	Up	Biomarkers	RNAseq	[103]
	lnc-RP11–701H24.7 lnc-RNU12	PBMCs	Up	Biomarkers	RNAseq	[187]
	LUCAT1 TRIM55–1 LINC00657 LINC00909	PBMCs	Up	Decoded to interplay with immune response via pathway analysis	Microarray	[104]
	MEG3	Skin Biopsies	Down	Interacts with miR-21 to regulate caspase-8 levels, implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis	qRT-PCR	[190]
	NORAD	Keratinocytes	Up	Promotes proliferation of keratinocytes	qRT-PCR	[189]
	PRINS	Keratinocytes	Down in inflammato ry cytokine treated cells	PRINS overexpression decreased IL-6 and IL-8 expression	qRT-PCR	[191]
	PRINS	Plasma	Down	Biomarker	qRT-PCR	[192]
	SPRR2C	Keratinocytes and psoriatic lesion	Up	Promotes Inflammation and cell viability, sponges miR-330 to enhance STAT1 and S1007	RNAseq and qRT-PCR	[186]
	XIST	Serum	Up	Biomarker and miR sponge for miR-338–5p, which targets IL6 mRNA for silencing	qRT-PCR	[193]
	Many	Skin biopsies	Up and Down	1214 lncRNAs up and down-regulated in lesional psoriasis	RNAseq	[183]
circRNA	CDR1as hsa_circ_0109327 hsa_skin_05227	Skin Biopsies	Down	Computationally predicted to act as competitive endogenous RNAs sponging cellular miRs	RNAseq	[206]
	circCAMSAP1 circTRIM35 circTULP4 circARAP2 ciRS-7/CDR1as	Skin Biopsies	Down	Genome-wide profiling of circRNAs from paired lesional vs non-lesional skin	RNAseq NanoString CISH	[195]
	circEIF5	Skin Biopsies	Up	Knockdown and overexpression in HaCaT cells inhibited and enhanced proliferation, respectively Activates NF-κB and STAT3	qRT-PCR	[201]
	circOAS3	Skin Biopsies	Up	Interacting with Hsp70 and regulates signaling through the JNK MAPK, NF-κB and STAT3 pathways to enhance proliferation of keratinocytes	Microarray	[200]
	circRAB3B	Skin Biopsies	Down	Downregulated by IL-22 (in HaCaT cells) Inhibits cell proliferation by sponging miR-1228–3p, which targets PTEN	qRT-PCR	[198]
	circRNA chr2:206992521|206994966	Skin Biopsies	Down	Regulation of IL-11, IL-6 and hepatocyte growth factor in skin MSCs; regulation of co-cultured T cell proliferation	RNAseq	[203]
	circTULP4 circPARD3 circPTPRA ciRS-7	Skin Biopsies	Down	Repressed circRNAs that normalized after treatment with anti-IL-17	Targeted NanoString panel	[197]
	ciRS-7 circZRANB1	Skin Biopsies	Down Up	Biomarkers of disease	RNAseq	[196]
	hsa_circ_0003689 chr4:121675708|121732604 hsa_circ_0003718	Skin Biopsies Plasma	Up	Biomarkers	RNAseq	[204]
	hsa_circ_0056856	Serum samples	Up	Biomarker, predicted to function as a competitive endogenous RNA	Microarray qRT-PCR	[205]
	hsa_circ_0061012	Skin Biopsies	Up	miR sponge	Microarray	[199]
	hsa_circ_0061012	Skin Biopsies	Up	Upregulated in HaCaT cells by IL-22. Silencing reduced proliferation of HaCat cells. Upregulates GAB2 by Sponging miR-194–5p	qRT-PCR	[202]