Table 6.

Discrete ncRNAs associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

Class of ncRNA	ncRNA	Cells/Tissue	Expression (up or down) in disease	Role	Detection method	Refs
lncRNA	DIO3OS	Colon tissue and plasma	Down	Biomarkers	qRT-PCR	[212]
	DPP10-AS1 PDZK1P2 ANRIL	Colon tissue	Down	Biomarkers	Microarray	[209]
	DQ786243	PBMCs	Up	Positively corelated with CREB and Foxp3 expression in patient samples	Microarray	[214]
	ENST00000555407 ENST00000427085 (eRNA) TCONS_00027621 (lincRNA)	Plasma	Down	Biomarkers	Microarray	[371]
	ENST00000569039 ENST00000422548 (eRNA) TCONS_00027580 (lincRNA)	Plasma	Up	Biomarkers	Microarray	[371]
	GAS5	PBMCs LoVo, HeLa,	No change in PBMC	Affects Glucocorticoid (GC) response	qRT-PCR	[372]
	GAS5	Colon tissue, THP1 cells	Down	GAS regulated expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 2 and MMP9	qRT-PCR	[373]
	H19	Colon tissue	Up	H19 was induced by IL-22 and enhanced proliferation H19 bound p53 and miRs that normally inhibit cell proliferation	qRT-PCR	[374]
	IFNG-AS1 (NeST or TMEVPG1)	Colon tissue, CD4 cells	Up	Increased expression of NeST/IFNG-AS1 leads to increased IFN-γ	Microarray	[211]
	LINC01272 KIF9-AS1	Colon tissue and plasma	Up	Biomarkers	qRT-PCR	[212]
	lncRNA BC012900	Colon tissue	Up	Apoptosis of colon epithelial cells, knockdown of lncRNA BC012900 leads to decreased caspase 3/7 activity	Microarray	[210]
	lncRNA Mirt2	Plasma	Down	Positively regulates IL-22 expression	qRT-PCR	[213]
	MMP12 FAM66D SAA2-SAA4	Colon tissue	Up	Biomarkers	Microarray	[209]
	NEAT1	Colon tissue	Up	NEAT1 induced TNFRSF1B expression, a receptor for TNF, to induce inflammatory signaling. Mechanism not established	qRT-PCR	[375]
	THRIL	Serum	Up	Biomarker.	qRT-PCR	[215]
circRNA	circCDKN2B-AS1	Colon tissue	Down	Colonic epithelial cell proliferation	Microarray	[219]
	circGMLC1	Colon tissue	Down	Regulates Inflammation and Autophagy	Microarray	[376]
	circRNA_0001187	Colon tissue	Up	Upregulates Myd88 and TNF	qRT-PCR	[377]
	circRNA_092520 circRNA_102610 circRNA_004662 circRNA_103124	PBMCs	Up	Biomarkers. circRNA_004662 has binding potential for miRs related to mTOR	Microarray	[220]
	circRNA_103516	PBMCs	Up	Biomarker. Possible sponge for miR-19b-1–5p	qRT-PCR	[222]
	circRNA_103765	PBMC	Up	Biomarker. Induced by TNF. Functions as competitive endogenous RNA to sponge miR-30 family and impair negative regulation of delta-like ligand 4. Protects epithelial cells from apoptosis	qRT-PCR	[221]