Table 7.
Discrete ncRNAs associated with multiple sclerosis.
| Class of ncRNA | ncRNA | Cells/Tissue | Expression (up or down) in disease | Role | Detection method | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lncRNA | ANRIL | PBMCs | Significant association between ANRIL polymorphisms and MS risk | PCR | [230] | |
|
ENSG00000231898.3
XLOC_009626 XLOC_010881 |
PBMCs | Up | Biomarker | Microarray | [235] | |
|
ENSG00000233392.1
ENSG00000259906.1 XLOC_010931 |
PBMCs | Down | Biomarker | Microarray | [235] | |
|
ENSG00000260302
ENSG00000270972 ENSG00000272512 ENSG00000223387 |
Whole Blood | Up | Biomarker | RNAseq | [236] | |
| FAM13A-AS1 | Brain | Central hubs in competing endogenous RNA networks in brain tissue | Microarray | [238] | ||
| GAS5 | Peripheral blood | Significant association between rs2067079 polymorphisms and MS risk | PCR | [225] | ||
| GAS5 | Peripheral blood | Significant association between rs2067079 polymorphisms and MS risk | PCR | [227] | ||
| GAS5 | Peripheral blood | Significant association between rs55829688 polymorphisms and MS risk | PCR | [228] | ||
|
GAS8
GAS8-AS1 |
PBMC | Up | Biomarker | qRT-PCR | [240] | |
| HOTAIR | PBMCs | Up | VitD supplementation to MS patients reduced expression of HOTAIR | qRT-PCR | [378] | |
| HOTAIR | PBMCs | Significant association between rs4759314 polymorphisms and MS risk | PCR | [229] | ||
|
IFNG-AS1
APOA1-AS |
PBMCs | Up | Biomarkers. Elevated during disease relapse. | qRT-PCR | [243] | |
|
IFNG-AS1
GSTT1-AS1 |
PBMCs | Down | Biomarkers. | qRT-PCR | [245] | |
| LncDDIT4 | PBMCs, CD4 cells | Up | Regulates DDIT4 expression in cis, to promote Th17 differentiation | Microarray | [246] | |
| Linc-MAF-4 | PBMCS, CD4 cells | Up | Knockdown of linc-MAF-4 promotes Th2 differentiation and overexpression increases Th1 differentiation | Microarray | [75] | |
|
MALAT1
Lnc-DC |
Serum | Up | Biomarker | qRT-PCR | [233] | |
| MALAT1 | PBMCs | Up | Biomarker. Contributes to splicing and backsplicing events in cell lines | Microarray | [234] | |
| MALAT1 | Peripheral Blood samples | Up | SNPs were associated with MS risk Biomarker | PCR | [226] | |
|
MALAT1
ANRIL TUG1 XIST |
PBMCs | Down | Biomarkers | qRT-PCR | [244] | |
| MEG3 | PBMCs | Down | Biomarker (AUC 0.91 to distinguish patients from healthy controls) | qRT-PCR | [241] | |
| NEAT1 | Serum | Up | Biomarker | qRT-PCR | [232] | |
|
NEAT1
TUG1 PANDA |
PBMCs | Up | Biomarkers | qRT-PCR | [122] | |
| PINK1-AS | PBMCs | Up | Biomarker | qRT-PCR | [242] | |
|
PVT1
FAS-AS1 |
PBMCs | Down | Biomarkers | qRT-PCR | [239] | |
| RN7SK | Serum | Up | Biomarker | qRT-PCR | [232] | |
| THRIL | PBMCs | Up | Biomarker | qRT-PCR | [239] | |
| TUG1 | Serum | Up | Biomarker | qRT-PCR | [232] | |
|
XIST
OIP5-AS1 CTB-89H12.4 |
PBMCs | Network | Central hubs in competing endogenous RNA networks in peripheral blood, e.g. XIST-miR-326-HNRNPA1 | Microarray | [237] | |
| circRNA | circINPP4B | Peripheral blood lymphocytes | Up | Induces Th17 differentiation in mouse CD4 model of EAE. Sponges miR-30a | Microarray | [253] |
| hsa_circ_0005402 has_circ_0035560 | PBMCs | Down | Biomarkers | Microarray | [247] | |
| circ_0000518 | CSF, PBMCs microglia cells | Up | Induces M1 phenotype and immune cell infiltration to CNS | qRT-PCR | [252] | |
|
hsa_circRNA_001896
hsa_circRNA_101145 |
PBMC | Down | Biomarkers | Microarray qRT-PCR | [249] | |
|
hsa_circRNA_101348
hsa_circRNA_102611 hsa_circRNA_104361 |
PBMCs | Up | Biomarkers Interacting miRs proposed |
Microarray qRT-PCR | [248] |