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. 2023 Feb 8;9:8. doi: 10.1038/s41522-023-00374-8

Fig. 7. Clostridium scindens with DCA-producing capacity alleviates S. aureus-induced mastitis in mice.

Fig. 7

A Representative images of the H&E-stained sections from different groups (scale bar, 50 μm). B The histological score of the mammary gland from different groups (n = 6). C Mammary S. aureus load (n = 6). The proinflammatory markers of TNF-α (D), IL-1β (E), and MPO activity (F) were measured (n = 6). G Relative expression of TGR5 mRNA from different treated groups (n = 6). H Mammary DCA levels from the indicated mice (n = 6). I Representative images of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3 of the mammary gland from the indicated mice. Intensities of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3 were determined (J–L). M The protein levels of NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways of the mammary glands were detected using western blotting. The relative intensities of p-p65, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-1β of the mammary glands were detected (N–Q). Data are expressed as the means ± SD (B–H, J–L, and N–Q) and one-way ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey’s test (B–H, J–L, and N–Q). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 indicate significance.