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. 2023 Jan 26;14:1054095. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1054095

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Copyright © 2023 Wijesuriya, Elliott, Mehta, De Vere, Strocchi, Behar, Niederer and Rinaldi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simulations results using 24 four chamber heart meshes. Boxplots of the change in QRSd, (A) LVAT-95, (B) BIVAT-90, (C) BIV DI (D), and RV LAT (E) from baseline with BiV-epi pacing at the optimal location, BiV-endo lateral pacing at the optimal location, BiV-endo septal pacing (BiV-endo sept), S- and NS-HBP, and S- and NS-LBP. Light blue circles represent mean values. Plus symbols represent outliers. BiV, biventricular; BIV DI, biventricular dyssynchronous index; BIVAT-90, 90% biventricular activation time; endo, endocardial; epi, epicardial; HBP, His-bundle pacing; LAT, lateral; LBP, left bundle pacing; LV, left ventricle; LVAT-95, 95% left ventricular activation time; NS, non-selective; QRSd, QRS duration; RV LAT, right ventricular latest activation time; S, selective; sept, septal. Reproduced from reference 55, Strocchi et al., with permission.