Table 2.
Blood pressure and systemic hemodynamics parameters measured pre- and post-interventions in the four experimental groups: dynamic resistance training (DRT); isometric handgrip training (IHT); combined resistance training (CRT) and control (CON)
| DRT | IHT | CRT | CON | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP (mmHg) | P group = 0.511 | ||||
| PRE | 125 ± 11 | 128 ± 13 | 128 ± 12 | 127 ± 14 | P time = 0.000 |
| POST | 119 ± 12a | 125 ± 14 | 119 ± 12a | 129 ± 16 | P group × time = 0.003 |
| DBP (mmHg) | P group = 0.764 | ||||
| PRE | 85 ± 10 | 87 ± 8 | 87 ± 6 | 86 ± 9 | P time = 0.642 |
| POST | 84 ± 10 | 86 ± 10 | 84 ± 8 | 89 ± 10 | P group × time = 0.091 |
| CO (L/min) | P group = 0.107 | ||||
| PRE | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | P time = 0.158 |
| POST | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | P group × time = 0.201 |
| SVR (U) | P group = 0.133 | ||||
| PRE | 18 ± 4 | 21 ± 4 | 21 ± 4 | 21 ± 4 | P time = 0.449 |
| POST | 19 ± 5 | 20 ± 5 | 21 ± 4 | 23 ± 3 | P group × time = 0.306 |
| SV (mL) | P group = 0.995 | ||||
| PRE | 82 ± 17 | 77 ± 15 | 81 ± 24 | 83 ± 17 | P time = 0.101 |
| POST | 76 ± 17 | 83 ± 16 | 76 ± 16 | 77 ± 15 | P group × time = 0.066 |
| HR (bpm) | P group = 0.060 | ||||
| PRE | 69 ± 11 | 66 ± 11 | 65 ± 13 | 60 ± 7 | P time = 0.908 |
| POST | 70 ± 7 | 65 ± 9 | 64 ± 12 | 61 ± 6 | P group × time = 0.379 |
Data: mean ± standard deviation. Analysis: Two-way mixed ANOVA
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, CO cardiac output, SVR systemic vascular resistance, SV stroke volume, HR heart rate
aSignificantly different from pre-intervention (P < 0.05)
Bold values mean significant result