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. 2023 Jan 26;14:1088187. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1088187

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Copyright © 2023 Ying, Rongjiong, Kahaer, Chunhui and Wulasihan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Difference in the Shannon diversity index of the intestinal bacterial community between healthy controls and patients before and after metformin or liraglutide treatment. (B) Difference in the Chao richness index of the intestinal bacterial community between healthy controls and patients before and after metformin or liraglutide treatment. (C) β-diversity of the intestinal bacterial community in healthy controls and patients before and after metformin or liraglutide treatment. Different letters indicate significant differences between groups. p value < 0.05 indicates that the differences are significant. “**” and “***” indicate significant differences at the levels of 0.01 and 0.001.