Table 1. Summary of Study Characteristicsa.
| Source | Study design | Outcome measures | Sample size | Quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hastert et al,12 2019, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 436 Patients with BC | Good |
| Housser et al,13 2013, Canada | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 131 Patients with BC | Good |
| Jones et al,14 2018, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 127 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Kavosi et al,15 2014, Iranb | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 92 Households | Fair |
| The ACTION Study Group,16 2015, Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam)b | Prospective cohort | FT rate | 2445 Patients with BC | Good |
| Knight et al,17 2018, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 612 Patients with BC | Good |
| Jain and Mukherjee,18 2016, Indiab | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 221 Patients with BC | Good |
| Nekhlyudov et al,19 2016, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 135 Patients with BC | Good |
| O’Neill et al,4 2015, Haitib | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 61 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Palmer et al,20 2018, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 36 Patients with BC; 210 radiation oncologists | Fair |
| Rayce et al,21 2008, Denmark | Retrospective cohort | FT rate | 533 Patients with BC | Good |
| Subramanian et al,22 2020, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate | 830 Patients with BC | Good |
| Offodile et al,23 2021, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate, PROM (COST) | 571 Patients with BC | Good |
| Wan et al,24 2021, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate, PROM (COST) | 95 Patients with BC | Good |
| Irwin et al,25 2014, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate, PROM (InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being score) | 134 Patients with BC | Good |
| Goldberg et al,26 2019, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate, patient-reported severity of FT, PROM (Cota Patient Assessed Symptom Score-7 item) | 171 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Perry et al,27 2019, US | Cross-sectional | FT rate, patient-reported severity of FT | 309 Patients total (all assessed for financial strain), with a subset of 134 patients assessed for FT | Good |
| Wang et al,28 2020, Chinab | Prospective cohort | FT rate, qualitative | 44 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Asaad et al,29 2020, US | Cross-sectional | PROM (COST) | 195 Patients total (66 unilateral mastectomy, 129 contralateral prophylactic mastectomy) | Good |
| Jing et al,30 2020, Chinab | Cross-sectional | PROM (COST) | 166 Patients with BC | Good |
| Politi et al,31 2021, US | Cross-sectional | PROM (COST) | 395 Patients with BC | Good |
| Williams et al,32 2020, US | Cross-sectional | PROM (COST) | 84 Patients total, of whom 42 had low health literacy and 42 had high health literacy | Good |
| Dean et al,33 2019, US | Prospective cohort | PROM (economic burden score) | 40 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Meneses et al,34 2012, US | Prospective cohort | PROM (Breast Cancer Finances Survey economic burden score) | 132 Patients with BC | Good |
| Alexander et al,35 2019, Indiaa | Prospective cohort | Patient-reported severity of FT | 378 Patients with BC | Good |
| Han et al,36 2019, Korea | Cross-sectional | Patient-reported severity of FT | 141 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Lauzier et al,37 2008, Canada | Prospective cohort | Patient-reported severity of FT | 459 Patients with BC | Good |
| Longo and Bereza,38 2011, Canada | Cross-sectional | Patient-reported severity of FT | 74 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Subramanian et al,39 2019, Kenyab | Cohort | Patient-reported severity of FT | 400 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Japhet et al,40 2019, Nigeriab | Cross-sectional | Qualitative | 22 Patients with BC | Poor |
| Rocque et al,41 2019, US | Cross-sectional | Qualitative | 20 Patients with BC; 11 oncologists | Poor |
| White-Means et al,42 2020, US | Cross-sectional | Qualitative | 5 Patients with BC | Poor |
| Gany et al,43 2020, Egyptb | Cross-sectional | Quality of life measures | 100 Patients with BC | Fair |
| Pezzin et al,44 2009, US | Prospective cohort | Odds ratio | 1890 Patients with BC | Good |
Abbreviations: BC, breast cancer; COST, Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity; FT, financial toxicity; PROM, patient-reported outcome measure.
a
Characteristics and quality assessment of included studies are shown. All patients in the sample size listed are patients with BC; for studies where patients with BC are a subset of the entire study, it is specified that the sample listed refers to patients with BC only.
b
Denotes low- and middle-income countries.