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. 2023 Jan 26;14:1029773. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1029773

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Copyright © 2023 Dovorany, Brannick, Johnson, Ratiu and LaCroix.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Individual variation in how alerting (reaction time difference score for no cue–double cue), orienting (reaction time difference score for center cue–valid spatial cue), and executive control (reaction time difference score for incongruent–neutral trials) change from time one to time two for each participant. Green shading represents better attention and red shading poorer attention. The individual data depicts a similar pattern as the whole-group analysis: alerting attention predominately changes in response to happy music and executive control in response to sad music.