Table 2.

Clinical trials of various autoimmune-mediated disorders

Disorders	Method of administration	Outcome	Clinical trial number/animal model	Reference
UC	Enema	Increased remission rate	NCT01545908	[25]
	Nasogastric tube	No improvement	NCT01757964	[52]
MS	Oral gavage	BBB leakage ↓, microglia, and astrocyte activation ↓	EAE	[53]
	Oral gavage	Improving EAE disease	EAE	[54]
	Intragastrical administration	Reconstitution of gut microbiota and attenuation of EAE	EAE	[55]
	Oral	Rebuild the gut microbiota	⎯	[56]
PsA	Gastro-duodenal tube	Failure	NCT03058900	[57]
SLE	Oral	Improved systemic immune-inflammation profiles	ChiCTR2000036352	[58]
T1D	Nasoduodenal tube	Stabilize residual beta cell function	NTR3697	[59]
ASD	Oral or rectal	More effective in multiple rounds of infusion	NCT02504554	[31]
	Oral versus rectal	Promote the colonization of donor microbes	ChiCTR1800014745	[60]
Metabolic syndrome	Gastro-duodenal tube	Improved insulin sensitivity	Dutch Trial Register NTR1776	[24]