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Schematic representation of the solution-based SERS measurement where the analyte (PYO) and SERS-sensor GNS-3 were mixed on a plastic cup cut from a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube where a small piece of aluminum foil was placed at the bottom to prevent the SERS signal interference of the polypropylene plastic cap, and PYO was detected via a portable Raman instrument.
