Table 3.

Risk of bias assessment using The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool

Study	Confounding	Selection	Measurement of intervention	Missing data	Selection of the reported result	Measurement of outcomes	Reported result	Overall
Braaksma et al. 2022 [28]	Serious	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Serious	Serious	Serious
Lauglo et al. 2016 [29]	Serious	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Serious	Serious	Serious
Leahy et al. 2021 [30]	Serious	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Serious	Serious	Serious
Smati et al. 2022 [34]	Serious	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Serious	Serious	Serious
Taylor et al. 2019 [36]	Serious	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Serious
Torabi et al. 2018 [37]	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Wymbs et al. 2021 [38]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Low
Zwinkels et al. 2018 [39]	Serious	Low	Low	Moderate	Serious	Serious	Serious	Serious