Table 5.

Baseline to post-intervention changes in common measures of physical fitness related outcomes

Study	Outcome measure	HIIT Baseline Mean ± SD	HIIT Post-test Mean ± SD	Mean change (from baseline)	Effect size (Cohen’s d)
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	VO2peak (mL/kg/min)	31.5 ± 5.2	31.4 ± 4.8	–0.1	–0.02
Braaksma et al. 2022 [28]	VO2peak (mL/kg/min)	42.3 ± 4.3	43.7 ± 4.3	1.4	0.32
Lauglo et al. 2016 [29]	VO2peak (mL/kg/min)	37.3	41.0	3.7	N.A.
Messler et al. 2018 [32]	VO2peak (L/min)	1.25 ± 0.37	1.31 ± 0.34	0.06	0.17
Taylor et al. 2019 [36]	VO2peak (mL/kg/min)	23.3 ± 6.1	29.1 ± 10.4	5.8	0.68
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	VO2peak (mL/kg/min)	37.6 ± 9.7	37.7 ± 8.8	0.1	0.01
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	6MWT (m)	598 ± 64.0	666 ± 69.4	67.7	1.02
Leahy et al. 2021 [30]	6MWT (m)	400 ± 127	563 ± 158	163	1.25
Schranz et al. 2018 [33]	6MWT (m)	568 ± 65	573 ± 58	5	0.09
Smati et al. 2022 [34]	6MWT (m)	199 ± 48.6	317 ± 107	118	1.41
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	Sit-to-stand (repetitions)	16.8 ± 4.0	16.0 ± 3.4	–0.8	–0.22
Leahy et al. 2021 [30]	Sit-to-stand (repetitions)	15 ± 5	18 ± 5	3	0.91
Leahy et al. 2021 [30]	Push-up (repetitions)	5 ± 6	12 ± 12	7	0.99
Braaksma et al. 2022 [28]	Grip strength (kg)	14.5 ± 5.4	14.9 ± 5.5	0.2	0.04
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	Grip strength (N)	151 ± 76.3	150 ± 72.3	–1	–0.01
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	Standing broad jump (m)	87.4 ± 35.6	91.7 ± 38.7	4.3	0.33
Braaksma et al. 2022 [28]	Anaerobic performance (MPST mean power, W)	163 ± 73	198 ± 89	35	0.42
Taylor et al. 2019 [36]	Anaerobic performance (Wingate peak power, W)	342 ± 145	392 ± 152	50	0.34
Taylor et al. 2019 [36]	Anaerobic performance (Wingate mean power, W)	234 ± 99	230 ± 93	–4	–0.04
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	Anaerobic performance (MPST peak power, W)	199 ± 161	222 ± 188	23	0.33
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	Anaerobic performance (MPST mean power, W)	169 ± 136	187 ± 156	18	0.40

6MWT 6-min walk test, MPST muscle power sprint test, VO_2peak Peak oxygen uptake