Table 6.

Baseline to post-intervention changes in common measures of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers

Study	Outcome measure	Baseline Mean ± SD	Post-test Mean ± SD	Mean change (from baseline)	Effect size (Cohen’s d)
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	SBP (mmHg)	124 ± 10	113 ± 8	–11	–1.22
Taylor et al. 2019 [36]	SBP (mmHg)	107 ± 6.60	111 ± 10.36	3.91	0.45
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	SBP (mmHg)	123 ± 14.0	120 ± 12.8	–3	–0.34
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	DBP (mmHg)	74 ± 7	77 ± 8	3	0.40
Taylor et al. 2019 [36]	DBP (mmHg)	68.2 ± 5.39	70.4 ± 6.05	2.2	0.39
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	DBP (mmHg)	67.8 ± 10.3	65.4 ± 8.5	–2.4	–0.29
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	170 ± 25	155 ± 23	–15	–0.62
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.8 ± 0.67	3.81 ± 0.68	0.01	0.01
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	54.9 ± 13.5	59.4 ± 11.4	4.5	0.36
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.23 ± 0.36	1.25 ± 0.36	0.02	0.06
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	105 ± 12.0	96 ± 9.3	–9	–0.88
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.25 ± 0.56	2.2 ± 0.51	–0.05	–0.09
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	Triglycerides (mg/dL)	79.2 ± 22.2	70.8 ± 16.7	–8.4	–0.43
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.01 ± 0.59	1.11 ± 0.68	0.1	0.16
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	Glucose (mg/dL)	86 ± 7.6	85 ± 7.1	–1	–0.14
Zwinkels et al. 2019 [39]	Glucose (mmol/L)	4.68 ± 0.61	4.8 ± 0.58	0.1	0.16
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	Insulin (IU/mg)	14 ± 5.9	11 ± 4.0	–3	–0.60
Torabi et al. 2018 [37]	Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, boys only)	3.6 ± 0.9	2.6 ± 0.6	–1	1.31
Torabi et al. 2018 [37]	Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, girls only)	3.3 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.7	–1.1	–1.46
Boer et al. 2014 [27]	Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)	2.9 ± 1.3	2.3 ± 0.8	–0.6	–0.56

DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure