Table 1.
Metabolism associated targets in radioresistance and the radiosensitization methods.
| Items | Targets | Radiosensitizer | Cancer cells | Function | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycose metabolism | GLUT1 | WZB117 | Breast cancer | - | 31 |
| HK2 | 2-DG | Cervical cancer | Increase ROS level | 32 | |
| 3-bromopyruvate | Pancreatic cancer | Reduce nucleotide biosynthesis and enhance DNA damage | 33 | ||
| PKM2 | TEPP46 | Triple negative breast cancers | Deplete breast cancer stem cells | 37 | |
| LDHA | Oxamate | Non-small cell lung cancer | Induced ROS accumulation and cellular ATP depletion, increase DNA injury | 41 | |
| MCT1 | AZD3965 | Small cell lung cancer | - | 47 | |
| MPC1 | 7AAC2 | Cervix cancer, Pharynx squamous cell carcinoma, Breast cancer |
Reduce hypoxia | 49 | |
| PDK | Dichloroacetate (DCA) |
Triple negative breast cancers | Increase ROS production | 54 | |
| Diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) |
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Increase intracellular levels of ROS | 56 | ||
| Amino acid metabolism | GLS | Terlaglenastat (CB-839) | Cervical cancers | Decreased total glutathione | 70 |
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Increased oxidative stress and DNA damage | 71 | |||
| Lung cancer | Reduce GSH | 72, 75 | |||
| Arginine | ARG-1 | Glioblastoma | - | 109 | |
| Epithelial cancer | - | 110 | |||
| ADI-PEG20 | Pancreatic cancer | Promote apoptosis | 111 | ||
| L-arginine | Brain metastases from solid tumors | Reduce glycolysis and impact ATP and NAD levels | 112 | ||
| IDO-1 | Epacadostat | Colorectal cancer | Reduce production of kynurenine; potentiated Th1 cytokines and myeloid cell-modulating factors in TME | 118 | |
| INCB023843 | Lung cancer | Reducing numbers of IDO1-expressing MDSCs in TME | 117 | ||
| Lipid metabolism | ACLY | BMS303141 | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Inhibit DNA damage repair | 127 |
| FASN | Orlistat | prostate cancer | Decrease NF-κB activity | 135 | |
| Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | - | 137 | ||
| CPT-1 | Etomoxir | Glioblastoma multiforme | Boost macrophage phagocytosis | 143 | |
| Breast cancer | - | 148 | |||
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | - | 146 | |||
| cPLA2 | AACOCF(3) | Ovarian cancer | Inhibit activation of pro-survival Akt signaling and enhance cell death | 156 | |
| 12-LOX | Baicalein | Prostate cancer | - | 158 | |
| COX-2 | Nimesulide | Lung cancer | Increased apoptosis | 193 | |
| Celecoxib | Lung cancer | Regulate radiation-induced G2-M arrest | 194 | ||
| Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | - | 161 | |||
| Celecoxib- Afatinib combination | Non-small cell lung cancer | Regulate cell sensitivity to apoptosis | 195 | ||
| HMG-CoA | Pitavastatin (Livalo) | Melanoma tumors | Delay DNA repair, enhance acute effects of radiation | 165 | |
| Simvastatin | Prostate cancer | Compromise DNA double-strand break repair | 196 | ||
| FDPS | Zoledronic acid (Zol) | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Attenuate DNA damage repair and immunosuppressive signaling | 166 | |
| DGAT2 | PF-06424439 | Breast cancer | Reduce LD content | 170 | |
| Nucleotide metabolism | IMPDH1 | MMF | glioblastoma | Inhibit GTP synthesis | 175 |
| PPAT | Tanshinone I | lung cancer | Well-docked into the active pocket of the structure of PPAT | 177 | |
| TS | 5-FU | Colorectal cancer | - | 180 | |
| RNR | Osalmid | Esophageal cancer | Enhance DNA damage, apoptosis, and senescence | 184 | |