Table 3.

Multivariable Mendelian randomization results for association of smoking initiation and age at initiation of regular smoking with coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes.

Adjusted Trait	SmkInit-CAD in diabetes			AgeSmk-CAD in diabetes
	SNPs	OR (95%CI)	P	SNPs	OR (95%CI)	P
BMI	813	1.220 (1.027, 1.450)	0.024	614	1.027 (0.570, 1.853)	0.928
WHR	558	1.281 (1.070, 1.535)	0.007	300	0.982 (0.467, 2.064)	0.962
SBP	502	1.354 (1.139, 1.609)	0.001	234	0.347 (0.140, 0.865)	0.023
DBP	547	1.328 (1.120, 1.575)	0.001	282	0.406 (0.197, 0.837)	0.015
PP	500	1.330 (1.121, 1.577)	0.001	225	0.219 (0.095, 0.502)	3.37E-04
HDL-C	201	1.244 (0.968, 1.598)	0.088	61	0.162 (0.056, 0.465)	0.001
LDL-C	178	1.309 (1.018, 1.682)	0.036	35	0.148 (0.032, 0.690)	0.015
TC	186	1.300 (1.011, 1.670)	0.040	44	0.142 (0.043, 0.468)	0.001
TG	175	1.247 (0.969, 1.606)	0.085	31	0.191 (0.052, 0.705)	0.013
EA	987	1.201 (0.999, 1.444)	0.052	820	0.592 (0.337, 1.038)	0.067
Activity	314	1.322 (1.115, 1.568)	0.001	10	0.190 (0.061, 0.587)	0.004
ALL traits (BMIa, SBPb, EA, Activity) c	1444	1.212 (1.008, 1.457)	0.041	1328	0.736 (0.468, 1.157)	0.185

SmkInit indicates smoking initiation; CAD, coronary artery disease; AgeSmk, age at initiation of regular smoking; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; EA, educational attainment.

^a Restricted to BMI to avoid collinearity with WHR.

^b Restricted to SBP to avoid collinearity with DBP and PP.

^c Lipid trait was not included in this adjusted model, since around half of the selected SNPs were not available in the lipid summary datasets.