Table 1.
Characteristics of SBP, DBP, HR, Di, FV, PSR, and FMD before and after each trial
| EMS trial | CON trial | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post 30 | Time effect within group p-value |
Pre | Post 30 | Time effect within-group p-value |
Group × time interaction p-value |
|
| *p <0.05, **p <0.01 vs. Pre | |||||||
| SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; Dibase, diameter baseline; Dipeak, diameter peak line; FVbase, flow volume base; FVpeak, flow-volume peak; PSR, peak shear rate; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; EMS, electrical muscle stimulation; CON, control | |||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 119.7 ± 6.5 | 117.2 ± 6.5 | 0.10 | 116.5 ± 6.8 | 115.3 ± 8.6 | 0.50 | 0.23 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 64.7 ± 3.4 | 67.6 ± 4.7 | 0.01** | 65.7 ± 7.7 | 70.0 ± 7.7 | 0.01** | 0.60 |
| HR (b⋅min–1) | 64.9 ± 8.8 | 59.5 ± 7.0 | 0.01** | 64.7 ± 8.5 | 61.1 ± 7.5 | 0.01** | 0.04* |
| Dibase (mm) | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 0.28 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 0.85 | 0.48 |
| Dipeak (mm) | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 0.29 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 0.57 | 0.97 |
| FVbase (cm⋅sec–1) | 13.2 ± 5.8 | 11.8 ± 5.0 | 0.20 | 14.0 ± 8.5 | 9.9 ± 4.3 | 0.06 | 0.21 |
| FVpeak (cm⋅sec–1) | 52.4 ± 18.7 | 46.4 ± 20.7 | 0.08 | 50.3 ± 16.2 | 47.8 ± 14.8 | 0.61 | 0.43 |
| PSR (s–1) | 10.4 ± 4.4 | 9.3 ± 5.6 | 0.80 | 9.4 ± 2.8 | 9.8 ± 3.3 | 0.77 | 0.26 |
| FMD (%) | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | 0.17 | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 0.04* | 0.04* |