Table 2.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval for the association between severe maternal morbidity and ICERace-Income
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMM | Non-Transfusion SMM | SMM | Non-Transfusion SMM | SMM | Non-Transfusion SMM | SMM | Non-Transfusion SMM | |
| OR (CI) | OR (CI) | AOR (CI) | AOR (CI) | AOR (CI) | AOR (CI) | AOR (CI) | AOR (CI) | |
|
| ||||||||
| ICE Quintile | ||||||||
| Q1 – Concentrated Privilege | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 1.13 (0.93–1.39) | 1.28 (1.04–1.56)* | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | 1.28 (1.05–1.56)* | 1.14 (.94–1.39) | 1.28 (1.06–1.53)* | 1.13 (0.92–1.38) | 1.24 (1.03–1.49)* |
| Q3 | 1.27 (1.04–1.56)* | 1.22 (0.99–1.48) | 1.28 (1.05–1.56)* | 1.22 (1.00–1.48)* | 1.26 (1.04–1.53)* | 1.19 (0.99–1.42) | 1.24 (1.02–1.51)* | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) |
| Q4 | 1.14 (0.93–1.42) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 1.16 (0.94–1.43) | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | 1.11 (0.90–1.38) | 0.98 (0.81–1.20) |
| Q5 – Concentrated Deprivation | 1.45 (1.16–1.81)** | 1.31 (1.06–1.62)* | 1.45 (1.16–1.80)* | 1.36 (1.10–1.68)* | 1.42 (1.14–1.76)** | 1.31 (1.08–1.59)* | 1.32 (1.02–1.71)* | 1.21 (0.97–1.52) |
| Individual-level characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| <20 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 20–24 | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | 0.95 (0.87–1.05) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 0.95 (0.87–1.05) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | ||
| 25–29 | 1.17 (1.06–1.28)** | 1.29 (1.10–1.50)*** | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 1.12 (0.95–1.30) | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | ||
| 30–34 | 1.49 (1.35–1.64) *** | 1.79 (1.53–2.09) *** | 1.17 (1.05–1.29)** | 1.42 (1.21–1.68)*** | 1.17 (1.06–1.29)** | 1.41 (1.20–1.65)*** | ||
| 35–39 | 1.83 (1.65–2.05) *** | 2.28 (1.92–2.70)*** | 1.33 (1.19–1.48)*** | 1.67 (1.40–1.98)*** | 1.33 (1.18–1.48)*** | 1.65 (1.38–1.96)*** | ||
| 40–44 | 2.48 (2.14–2.88) *** | 3.08 (2.46–3.85)*** | 1.68 (1.45–1.95)*** | 2.08 (1.67–2.61)*** | 1.67 (1.44–1.95)*** | 2.05 (1.63–2.57)*** | ||
| >=45 | 2.90 (1.90–4.42) *** | 2.27 (1.06–4.86)** | 1.77 (1.16–2.72) | 1.34 (0.62–2.88) | 1.77 (1.15–2.71)** | 1.32 (0.61–2.83) | ||
| Income Quartile by Zip Code | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Quartile 2 | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.93 (0.80–1.07) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | ||
| Quartile 3 | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 0.96 (0.82–1.11) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.92 (0.80–1.07) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | ||
| Quartile 4 | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) | 0.93 (0.81–1.08) | 1.00 (0.90–1.10) | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | ||
| Payer | ||||||||
| Private | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Public | 1.25 (1.17–1.33)*** | 1.12 (1.01–1.23)* | 1.18 (1.10–1.25)*** | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) | 1.17 (1.10–1.25)*** | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | ||
| Other | 1.20 (1.05–1.37)** | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 1.18 (1.02–1.35)* | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 1.17 (1.03–1.34)** | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 1 | 1.90 (1.77–2.04)*** | 1.47 (1.30–1.65)*** | 1.90 (1.77–2.04)*** | 1.46 (1.30–1.65)*** | ||||
| 2 or more | 4.77 (4.48–5.08)*** | 5.26 (4.79–5.79)*** | 4.75 (4.46–5.06)*** | 5.16 (4.69–5.68)*** | ||||
| Hospital-level characteristics | ||||||||
| Hospital Location/Teaching | ||||||||
| Rural | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Urban - nonteaching | 1.21 (0.94–1.56) | 1.09 (0.83–1.43) | ||||||
| Urban - teaching | 1.31 (1.01–1.69) | 1.50 (1.15–1.97)** | ||||||
| Hospital Ownership | ||||||||
| Private - Investor Owned | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Private - Nonprofit | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | ||||||
| Government | 1.06 (0.85–1.33) | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | ||||||
| Hospital Bed Size | ||||||||
| Small | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Medium | 1.27 (1.02–1.59)*** | 1.45 (1.15–1.82)** | ||||||
| Large | 1.46 (1.19–1.79)*** | 1.63 (1.31–2.01)*** | ||||||
| Hospital Region | ||||||||
| Northeast | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Midwest | 0.95 (0.73–1.24) | 0.99 (0.75–1.30) | ||||||
| South | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 1.20 (1.03–1.40)** | ||||||
| West | 0.90 (0.72–1.12) | 1.19 (0.98–1.45) | ||||||
| Predominantly Black Serving | ||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Yes | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | 1.05 (0.89–1.22) | ||||||
Notes:
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001