Table 2.
Average item ratings for all scale items and inter-item reliability scores for each TPACK component
| Scale items | Meana | SD | α |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pedagogical knowledge (PK) | 0.71 | ||
| I know how to do an assessment on students’ learning progress | 4.37 | 0.67 | |
| I can adapt my teaching based upon what students currently understand or do not understand | 4.16 | 0.66 | |
| I can teach students using various methods | 4.21 | 0.69 | |
| PK composite score | 4.26 | 0.59 | |
| Technological knowledge (TK) | 0.75 | ||
| I often explore online learning platform | 4.06 | 0.79 | |
| I know how to solve the technical problems about online learning technologies | 3.83 | 0.81 | |
| I can keep up with new online learning technologies | 4.09 | 0.70 | |
| TK composite score | 4.01 | 0.67 | |
| Content knowledge (CK) | 0.71 | ||
| I have sufficient knowledge about my subject | 4.63 | 0.52 | |
| I can create learning materials (e.g., exercises, creative activities, etc.) for my subject based on the curriculum standard currently implemented | 4.41 | 0.60 | |
| I can create various ways and strategies in designing the sequence of concepts taught within my class | 4.17 | 0.66 | |
| CK composite score | 4.41 | 0.55 | |
| Technological content knowledge (TCK) | 0.80 | ||
| I can use technological aids (e.g., multimedia, visual demonstrations, etc.) to teach specific concepts in my course with online platforms | 4.05 | 0.74 | |
| I can use various courseware programs in online learning platforms (e.g., educational videos or online quizzes) to teach | 4.16 | 0.71 | |
| I can use the online learning platforms to impart the content knowledge in the course accurately to the students | 3.97 | 0.73 | |
| TCK composite score | 4.09 | 0.66 | |
| Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) | 0.66 | ||
| I apply effective teaching approaches to guiding students’ thinking and learning | 4.13 | 0.65 | |
| I can choose effective features from online learning platforms to increase the impact of my teaching | 3.88 | 0.78 | |
| I can distinguish problem solving attempts between correct and incorrect by students | 4.20 | 0.64 | |
| PCK composite score | 4.11 | 0.59 | |
| Technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) | 0.82 | ||
| I use online learning platforms to enhance students’ learning performance | 4.13 | 0.75 | |
| I can create an online learning environment which allows students to develop new knowledge and skills | 3.89 | 0.77 | |
| I can moderate interactivity among students on an online learning platform | 3.88 | 0.80 | |
| TPK composite score | 3.96 | 0.71 | |
| Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) | 0.86 | ||
| I can use online learning platforms as a means to create a teaching context that is suitable for subject content | 4.08 | 0.72 | |
| I can use online learning platforms and choose appropriate teaching strategies to promote students’ understanding and mastery of subject knowledge | 4.04 | 0.71 | |
| I can use online learning platforms to create effective representations of the teaching materials that meet the teaching needs | 4.07 | 0.71 | |
| TPACK composite score | 4.08 | 0.67 |
a5-point rating scale: 5 highly agree to 1 highly disagree