Table 4.
MANOVA test results of between-subjects effects (univariate test results)
| Group Mean (SD)a | F | Sig. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | ||||
| Gender | |||||
| Pedagogical knowledge | 4.27(0.04) | 4.25 (0.04) | 0.179 | 0.673 | |
| Technological knowledge | 3.92 (0.04) | 4.09 (0.04) | 11.433 | 0.001d | |
| Content knowledge | 4.39 (0.03) | 4.43 (0.03) | 0.789 | 0.375 | |
| Technological content knowledge | 4.05 (0.04) | 4.13 (0.04) | 1.853 | 0.174 | |
| Pedagogical content knowledge | 4.10 (0.04) | 4.11 (0.03) | 0.138 | 0.711 | |
| Technological pedagogical knowledge | 4.01 (0.04) | 3.92 (0.05) | 1.716 | 0.191 | |
| TPACK | 4.11 (0.04) | 4.05 (0.04) | 0.825 | 0.364 | |
| 0–12 years | 13 or more years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teaching experience | ||||
| Pedagogical knowledge | 4.19 (0.04) | 4.32 (0.03) | 7.625 | 0.006c |
| Technological knowledge | 4.03 (0.04) | 3.99 (0.04) | 0.289 | 0.591 |
| Content knowledge | 4.35 (0.03) | 4.46 (0.03) | 5.778 | 0.017b |
| Technological content knowledge | 4.12 (0.04) | 4.06 (0.04) | 0.076 | 0.783 |
| Pedagogical content knowledge | 4.07 (0.04) | 4.14 (0.03) | 2.473 | 0.116 |
| Technological pedagogical knowledge | 3.97 (0.04) | 3.96 (0.04) | 0.121 | 0.728 |
| TPACK | 4.09 (0.04) | 4.07 (0.04) | 0.000 | 0.987 |
| LMS | Non-LMS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Platform | ||||
| Pedagogical knowledge | 4.23 (0.05) | 4.27 (0.03) | 0.518 | 0.472 |
| Technological knowledge | 4.13 (0.05) | 3.95 (0.03) | 6.900 | 0.009c |
| Content knowledge | 4.36 (0.04) | 4.44 (0.03) | 2.676 | 0.102 |
| Technological content knowledge | 4.15 (0.05) | 4.06 (0.04) | 0.877 | 0.349 |
| Pedagogical content knowledge | 4.12 (0.04) | 4.10 (0.03) | 0.196 | 0.658 |
| Technological pedagogical knowledge | 4.03 (0.05) | 3.93 (0.04) | 2.083 | 0.150 |
| TPACK | 4.12 (0.05) | 4.06 (0.03) | 0.796 | 0.373 |
a5-point rating scale: 5 highly agree to 1 highly disagree
bp ≤ 0.05
cp ≤ 0.01
dp ≤ 0.001