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. 2023 Feb 9;13(1):30. doi: 10.1007/s13278-023-01028-5

Table 10.

Fake news detection approaches classification

Artificial Intelligence Crowdsourcing (CDS) Blockchain (BKC) Fact-checking Hybrid
ML DL NLP
Content Del Vicario et al. (2019), Hosseinimotlagh and Papalexakis (2018), Hakak et al. (2021), Singh et al. (2021), Amri et al. (2022) Wang (2017), Hiriyannaiah et al. (2020) Zellers et al. (2019) Kim et al. (2018), Tschiatschek et al. (2018), Tchakounté et al. (2020), Huffaker et al. (2020), La Barbera et al. (2020), Coscia and Rossi (2020), Micallef et al. (2020) Song et al. (2019) Sintos et al. (2019) ML, DL, NLP: Abdullah-All-Tanvir et al. (2020), Kaur et al. (2020), Mahabub (2020), Bahad et al. (2019) Kaliyar (2018)
ML, DL:
Abdullah-All-Tanvir et al. (2019), Kaliyar et al. (2020), Deepak and Chitturi (2020)
DL, NLP: Vereshchaka et al. (2020)
ML, NLP: Kapusta et al. (2019), Ozbay and Alatas Ozbay and Alatas (2020), Ahmed et al. (2020)
BKC, CDS: Buccafurri et al. (2017)
Context Qian et al. (2018), Liu and Wu (2018), Hamdi et al. (2020), Wang et al. (2019b), Mishra (2020) Pennycook and Rand (2019) Huckle and White (2017), Shang et al. (2018) Tchechmedjiev et al. (2019) ML, DL: Zhang et al. (2019a), Shu et al. (2019b), Shu et al. (2018b), Wu and Liu (2018)
BKC, AI: Ochoa et al. (2019)
BKC, SIR: Chen et al. (2018)
Hybrid Aswani et al. (2017), Previti et al. (2020), Elhadad et al. (2019), Nyow and Chua (2019) Ruchansky et al. (2017), Wu and Rao (2020), Guo et al. (2019), Zhang et al. (2020) Xu et al. (2019) Qayyum et al. (2019), Hasan and Salah (2019), Tchechmedjiev et al. (2019) Yang et al. (2019a) ML, DL: Shu et al. (2018a), Wang et al. (2019b)
BKC, AI: Shae and Tsai (2019), Jing and Murugesan (2018)