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. 2023 Jan 26;14:1061284. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1061284

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of participants (n = 157).

Characteristics Healthy controls People with schizophrenia p-value
n % n %
Total 47 100.0 110 100.0
Gender
Male 30 63.8 71 64.6 0.932
Female 17 36.2 39 35.5
Highest education level
Secondary school or less (grade < 12) 3 6.4 47 42.7 <0.001
High school or higher (grade ≥ 12) 44 93.6 63 57.3
Family psychiatric history
No 47 100.0 99 90.0 0.025
Yes 0 0 11 10.0
Mean SD Mean SD
Age 40.2 11.1 42.3 12.2 0.177
Age at illness onset (years) - - 27.6 8.2
Duration of treated illness (years) - - 17.6 9.8
Duration of untreated illness (months) - - 9.7 25.9
Olanzapine dose equivalent - - 13.0 7.1
Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS)
Positive 18.6 5.8
Negative 19.4 6.3
General 41.6 12.1
Total score of PANSS 79.8 22.4