Table 2.
Included motor-related studies characteristics.
| Study | Year | Study design | Country | Sample Size | Interventions | Sex (Female: Male) | Intervention site | Stimulation intensity | Stimulation time | Outcome indicator | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp | Ctrl | Exp | Ctrl | Exp | Ctrl | ||||||||
| Salemi et al. (30) | 2019 | Parallel | Italy | 9 | 8 | tRNS | shamtRNS | 6:3 | 6:2 | Anode: the entire motor cortex M1; Cathodel: The opposite cortex of the frontal lobe | 1.5mA | 15min | T25-FW |
| San et al. (31) | 2019 | Parallel | Turkey | 10 | 6 | rTMS+PT | shamrTMS +PT | 4:6 | 4:2 | The vertex region | 110% of the resting motor-unit potential threshold | 15min | MAS, PSFS, |
| Baroni et al. (32) | 2022 | Parallel | Italy | 8 | 8 | tDCS+TOCT | shamtDCS +TOCT | 4:4 | 4:4 | Anode: The right cerebellar cortex Cathode: The right buccinators muscle | 2mA | 15min | TUG, F8W,MSWS-12 |
| Pilloni et al. (33) | 2020 | Parallel | Italy | 9 | 8 | tDCS+AE | shamtDCS +AE | - | - | Anode: Motor cortex M1 (C3) Cathode: Supraorbital outlet (Fp2) | 2.5mA | 20min | TUG time |
| Pilloni et al. (34) | 2020 | Parallel | Italy | 9 | 6 | tDCS+AE | shamtDCS +AE | 6:3 | 5:1 | Anode: Motor cortex M1 (C3) Cathode: Supraorbital outlet (Fp2) | 2.5mA | 20min | MSWS-12, |
| Darwish et al. (35) | 2019 | Parallel | Egypt | 15 | 15 | LF-rTMS stimulation combined with routine training | Routine training | 10:5 | 8:07 | The ipsilateral motor area M1 of the weaker limb | 90% of the resting motor threshold | - | 5STS, |
| Iodice et al. (36) | 2015 | Parallel | Italy | 10 | 10 | tDCS | shamtDCS | 8:2 | 7:3 | Anode: Weak side of motor cortex M1 Cathode: Weak side supraorbital outlet (Fp2) | 2mA | 20min | MSWS-12, MAS |
| Mori et al. (37) | 2011 | Parallel | Italy | 10 | 10 | iTBS+ET | shamiTBS+ET | 3:7 | 4:6 | the scalp site corresponding to the leg area of primary motor cortex contralateral to the affected limb. | 80% of the active motor threshold | - | MAS |
Exp, Experimental group; Ctrl, Control group; tDCS, Transcranial direct current stimulation; MAS, Modified Ashworth Scale; PSFS, Penn Spasm Frequency Scale; TUG, Timed Up and Go; T25WT, Timed 25 Foot Walking Test; 5STS, 5 repeated sit-standing tests; Msws-12, Multiple sclerosis Walking Scale.