Table 5.
Analysis Results for Pouting Faces
| Pouting | Female 4–8 | Female 8–12 | Female 12–16 | Female > 16 | Male 4–8 | Male 8–12 | Male 12–16 | Male > 16 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 13 | n = 60 | n = 17 | n = 78 | n = 17 | n = 58 | n = 22 | n = 63 | ||
| Cheilion | |||||||||
| MM | Mean (95% CI) | 9.88 (7.96–11.81) |
10.95 (10.09 - 11.82) |
11.76 (10.15–13.37) |
16.63 (15.77–17.48) |
10.66 (8.59–12.74) |
10.47 (9.49–11.45) |
11.38 (10.32–12.44) |
17.78 (16.65–18.92) |
| Ratio | 23.47 (19.18–27.75) |
24.53 (22.85–26.21) |
24.15 (21.26–27.04) |
32.10 (30.61–33.60) |
26.18 (21.61–30.76) |
23.62 (21.53–25.70) |
23.70 (21.48–25.91) |
32.52 (30.75–34.28) |
|
| X | −6.46 (−7.91 to −5.01) |
−5.06 (−5.70 to −4.42) |
−4.86 (−6.01 to −3.70) |
−7.49 (−8.12 to −6.86) |
−5.08 (−6.41 to −3.75) |
−4.75 (−5.45 to −4.06) |
−4.89 (−5.88 to −.90) |
−7.63 (−8.31 to −6.95) |
|
| Y | −0.29 (−1.46 to 0.88) |
0.18 (−0.60 to 0.95) |
0.17 (−1.41 to 1.74) |
−0.46 (−1.06 to 0.15) |
0.63 (−1.14 to 2.41) |
0.53 (−0.19 to 1.24) |
0.31 (−1.12 to 1.73) |
0.11 (−0.58 to 0.81) |
|
| Z | −6.91 (−8.64 to −5.19) |
−8.88 (−9.68 to −8.09) |
−10.04 (−11.46 to −8.62) |
−14.36 (−15.10 to −13.62) |
−8.24 (−10.27 to −6.20) |
−8.41 (−9.35 to −7.47) |
−9.47 (−10.43 to −8.52) |
−15.61 (−16.62 to −14.61) |
|
| Alare | |||||||||
| MM | Mean (95% CI) | 2.57 (1.86–3.28) |
2.05 (1.85–2.25) |
1.75 (1.37–2.12) |
2.20 (2.00–2.41) |
2.07 (1.60–2.54) 5.16 (4.00–6.32) |
2.08 (1.85–2.30) |
1.79 (1.43–2.15) |
3.01 (2.69–3.33) |
| Ratio | 6.12 (4.47–7.76) |
4.66 (4.17–5.15) |
3.62 (2.86–4.37) |
4.26 (3.88–4.64) |
4.75 (4.21–5.30) |
3.74 (3.00–4.48) |
5.53 (4.98–6.09) |
||
| X | −0.28 (−0.68 to 0.12) |
−0.25 (−0.43 to −0.08) |
−0.04 (−0.35 to 0.28) |
−0.63 (−0.77 to −0.48) |
−0.27 (−0.53 to −0.02) |
−0.32 (−0.48 to −0.16) |
−0.35 (−0.62 to −0.08) |
−0.70 (−0.90 to −0.50) |
|
| Y | 1.10 (0.00–2.20) |
0.59 (0.29–0.88) |
0.77 (0.25–1.28) |
0.84 (0.56–1.12) |
0.83 (0.28–1.38) |
0.56 (0.23–0.88) |
0.70 (0.27–1.14) |
1.04 (0.49–1.59) |
|
| Z | −0.39 (−1.33 to 0.55) |
−0.37 (−0.69 to −0.04) |
−0.36 (−0.85 to 0.12) |
−0.93 (−1.15 to −0.71) |
−0.69 (−1.32 to −0.05) |
−0.40 (−0.73 to −0.07) |
−0.27 (−0.70 to 0.16) |
−1.08 (−1.35 to −0.81) |
|
| Crista philtri | |||||||||
| MM | Mean (95% CI) | 6.58 (5.14–8.02) |
7.77 (7.20–8.34) |
7.54 (6.56–8.52) |
9.64 (9.15–10.12) |
8.09 (6.55–9.64) |
8.11 (7.35–8.87) |
8.02 (6.87–9.18) |
11.40 (10.57–12.24) |
| Ratio | 15.75 (12.39–19.11) |
17.56 (16.29–18.82) |
15.64 (13.59–17.69) |
18.74 (17.75–19.73) |
20.14 (16.24–24.03) |
18.49 (16.70–20.29) |
16.79 (14.24–19.35) |
20.94 (19.51–22.28) |
|
| X | −1.78 (−2.10 to −1.46) |
−1.62 (−1.79 to −1.46) |
−1.56 (−1.71 to −1.40) |
−2.40 (−2.55 to −2.26) |
−1.67 (−2.03 to −1.31) |
−1.69 (−1.83 to −1.55) |
−1.86 (−2.18 to −1.54) |
−2.61 (−2.79 to −2.43) |
|
| Y | 4.85 (3.48–6.21) |
5.37 (4.83–5.90) |
4.76 (3.70–5.82) |
5.21 (4.78–5.65) |
5.94 (4.72–7.15) |
5.84 (5.21–6.46) |
5.57 (4.33–6.81) |
5.74 (5.14–6.34) |
|
| Z | −3.54 (−4.72 to −2.37) |
−4.75 (−5.34 to −4.17) |
−5.24 (−6.07 to −4.42) |
−7.33 (−7.86 to −6.80) |
−4.75 (−6.08 to −3.42) |
−4.71 (−5.42 to −3.99) |
−4.79 (−5.74 to −3.84) |
−9.10 (−9.90 to −8.29) |
|
Displacement of landmarks from neutral to pouting position as absolute displacement in millimeters (mm), as a ratio compared to the intercheilion distance, and as absolute displacement in three directions on the XYZ-coordinate system in mm. Results are expressed as means with 95% CIs.
CI, confidence interval.