Fig. 1.
Diversity of fecal microbiota in a HC, UC patients, and CD patients. (A) Chao 1 index, (B) Shannon index, and (C) beta diversity based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities. Both richness and diversity were significantly lower in inflammatory bowel disease patients compared with HC, and Shannon diversity index was significantly lower in CD compared with UC. Post hoc analyses using pair-wise comparisons showed that 3 groups were significantly different from each other (HC vs. UC, P=0.001; HC vs. CD, P=0.001; UC vs. CD, P=0.001). HC, healthy control individuals; UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease.